AD0-E134 Practice Exam Questions with Answers Adobe Experience Manager Developer Exam Certification

AEM SPA integration provides various design models for different levels of authoring capabilities and developer control. In the design model where AEM is used as a headless CMS without using the SPA Editor SDK framework, the developer has full control over the app and can use any SPA framework or library. However, this also means that the content author cannot edit the app using AEM’s content authoring experience, the SPA is not compatible with the template editor, and the developer cannot enable authoring in restricted areas of the app.References:https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-learn/spa-editor-overview/spa-overview.html?lang=en#design-models

The /enableTTL “1” configuration must be applied to enable re-fetching of cached items based on Cache Headers sent by AEM. This configuration enables the Time To Live (TTL) feature of dispatcher, which allows dispatcher to check the Cache-Control and Expires headers of the cached files and re-fetch them from AEM if they are expired. References:https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-dispatcher/using/configuring/page-invalidation.html?lang=en#time-based-cache-invalidation

To generate a test coverage report for an AEM project using the latest archetype, the correct plugin to use is the maven-surefire-plugin (Option A). The maven-surefire-plugin is a part of the Maven ecosystem and is widely used to run unit tests within a Maven project. This plugin can be configured to generate detailed test reports, including HTML versions, which can be easily shared with clients.

Here’s how to configure the maven-surefire-plugin to generate test coverage reports:

Add the Plugin to the POM File: Add the maven-surefire-plugin configuration in your pom.xml file:

org.apache.maven.plugins

maven-surefire-plugin

2.22.2

${project.build.directory}/surefire-reports

html

false

Execute the Maven Command: Run the following command to execute the tests and generate the coverage report:

mvn clean test

Locate the Report: The HTML test coverage report will be generated in the target/surefire-reports directory of your project.

References:

Maven Surefire Plugin Documentation

An AEM Developer should add a front-end dependency in the package.json file. The package.json file is a standard configuration file for managing dependencies in JavaScript projects, including those using npm or Yarn as package managers.

Here’s how to add a front-end dependency:

Open the package.json File: This file is typically located at the root of your project.

Add the Dependency: Add the required front-end dependency under the dependencies or devDependencies section. For example, to add lodash as a dependency:

{

"name": "my-aem-project",

"version": "1.0.0",

"dependencies": {

"lodash": "^4.17.21"

}

}

Install the Dependency: Run the following command to install the new dependency:

npm install

Verify Installation: Ensure that the dependency has been added to the node_modules directory and is listed in the package-lock.json file.

The package.json file is the central place to manage all front-end dependencies, making it easy to track, update, and share dependencies across the development team.

References:

npm Documentation

Managing Dependencies in AEM Projects

These steps ensure that the front-end dependencies are managed efficiently and consistently within the AEM project.

The aemanalyser-maven-plugin is a Maven plugin that checks if all the requirements declarations made in OSGi bundles are satisfied by the capabilities declarations of other bundles included in the Maven project. This plugin ensures that the OSGi bundles are consistent and can be resolved at runtime. The plugin also checks for other issues such as API compatibility, package versioning, and bundle start order. References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-cloud-service/implementing/developing/aem-project-content-package-structure.html?lang=en#build-analyzer-maven-plugin https://github.com/adobe/aemanalyser-maven-plugin

In AEM as a Cloud Service, the OSGi configuration values that can be used include Inline, secret, and environment-specific. These configurations provide flexibility and security for managing environment-specific settings and sensitive information.

Inline Configurations: Inline configurations are directly embedded within the code and are typically used for straightforward configurations.

Secret Configurations: Secret configurations are used to securely store sensitive information, such as passwords and API keys. These configurations are managed separately to ensure security.

Environment-Specific Configurations: Environment-specific configurations allow you to tailor settings for different environments (e.g., development, staging, production) without changing the underlying codebase.

Example of using these configurations:

Inline Configuration:

{

"service.url": "https://api.example.com"

}

? Secret Configuration: Managed through Adobe IMS and not directly embedded in the code.

? Environment-Specific Configuration:

{

"runmode": "dev",

"service.timeout": "30"

}

References:

Managing OSGi Configurations in AEM

Adobe IMS for Secrets Management

Using transient workflows is a key factor in optimizing the design for processing a high volume of content ingestion on the author server. Transient workflows do not persist their state to the repository, which significantly reduces the overhead on the JCR (Java Content Repository). This leads to improved performance and efficiency, especially under high-content ingestion scenarios.

Here’s why transient workflows are beneficial:

Reduced Repository Writes: Since transient workflows do not persist intermediate states, the number of writes to the repository is minimized. This reduces the I/O load and speeds up the processing.

Improved Performance: By avoiding the persistence of states, transient workflows execute faster, leading to quicker content processing and less latency.

Resource Efficiency: Transient workflows consume fewer resources compared to their non-transient counterparts, making them more efficient in handling large volumes of content.

Steps to create a transient workflow:

Define Workflow Model: Create a new workflow model or edit an existing one in AEM Workflow console.

Set Workflow to Transient: In the workflow model editor, set the workflow model to be transient by marking the relevant option in the workflow properties.

Implement Workflow Logic: Add the necessary steps and logic to the workflow model, keeping in mind that intermediate states will not be saved.

Deploy and Test: Deploy the workflow and test it under high-content ingestion scenarios to ensure optimal performance.

References:

Adobe Experience Manager Workflows

Best Practices for AEM Workflows

When multiple configurations for the same PID are applicable, the configuration with the highest number of matching runmodes is applied. This is because the runmodes act as a filter to select the most specific configuration for a given environment. If there is a tie between two or more configurations with the same number of matching runmodes, the one that occurs first in the repository is applied.References:https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/deploying/configuring/configure-runmodes.html?lang=en#configuring-osgi-settings-per-runmode

Extend the Teaser Component from Core Components

Create style variations to be used in the Style System** Comprehensive Explanation of Correct Answer Only: The Teaser Component from Core Components is a component that allows authors to display a title, description, image and link for a teaser item. The component supports multiple designs and can be extended to add custom features or logic. The Style System allows authors to define style variations for components without requiring code changes or new templates. References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-core-components/using/components/teaser.html?lang=en https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-core-components/using/components/style-system.html?lang=en

Creating a heap dump and a thread dump are two steps that should be taken after confirming the problem is related to a memory issue. A heap dump is a snapshot of the memory usage of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) at a given point in time. A heap dump can be used to identify memory leaks, memory consumption patterns, and objects that occupy large amounts of memory. A thread dump is a snapshot of the state of all threads that are part of the JVM process. A thread dump can be used to identify deadlocks, blocked threads, and CPU-intensive threads. References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/deploying/configuring/memory-analysis.html?lang=en https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/deploying/configuring/thread-dump-analysis.html?lang=en

The order of resolution for OSGi configurations at runtime in AEM is as follows:

Web Console Configuration:

Changes made through the OSGi Web Console take immediate effect and have the highest precedence. This is because these configurations are considered the most direct way to adjust OSGi settings at runtime.

References:OSGi Configuration in AEM

/apps Configuration:

Configurations in the /apps directory take precedence over those in the /libs directory. This allows custom configurations to override the default configurations provided by AEM.

References:AEM Project Structure

/libs Configuration:

Configurations in the /libs directory are the default configurations provided by AEM. They are overridden by any configurations in the /apps directory.

References:AEM Configuration

By understanding this order, developers can effectively manage and prioritize their OSGi configurations to ensure the desired behavior of their AEM instances.

To design a workflow that collects data from the participant and then determines the reviewer/approver branch to proceed further, the developer should use theDynamic Participant Step. This workflow step allows for dynamic determination of participants based on the data collected or any other logic implemented in the workflow.

Here’s how to implement a Dynamic Participant Step in AEM:

Create the Workflow Model:

In AEM, navigate to Tools > Workflow > Models.

Create a new workflow model or edit an existing one.

Add Dynamic Participant Step:

Drag and drop the Dynamic Participant Step into your workflow model.

Configure the Dynamic Participant Step:

Click on the Dynamic Participant Step and configure it by specifying the participant chooser class. This class should implement the logic to determine the next participant.

@Component(service = ParticipantStepChooser.class, property = {

"service.description=Dynamic Participant Chooser"

})

public class CustomParticipantStepChooser implements ParticipantStepChooser {

@Override

public String getParticipant(WorkItem workItem, WorkflowSession workflowSession, MetaDataMap metaDataMap) {

// Custom logic to determine the participant based on workflow data

String reviewer = // logic to determine reviewer

return reviewer;

}

}

Implement Participant Chooser Logic:

The CustomParticipantStepChooser class should contain the logic to determine the next participant based on the workflow data. This can include reading workflow variables, making decisions based on conditions, or any other custom logic.

Deploy and Test:

Save the workflow model and test it by starting a new workflow instance. Ensure that the dynamic participant determination works as expected.

By using the Dynamic Participant Step, you can create flexible workflows that adapt to the data and context, ensuring that the appropriate participants are chosen dynamically.

References:

Adobe Experience Manager Workflow

AEM Dynamic Participant Step

Utilizing model props to drill down and access or set the state on desired components is the least complex approach for sharing information between Single Page Application (SPA) components in AEM.

Here’s why using model props is effective:

Simplicity: This approach leverages the existing component hierarchy and properties, making it straightforward to pass data between components.

Direct Access: Model props allow for direct access to the state and properties of parent or sibling components, enabling easy data sharing.

Minimal Setup: Unlike implementing a state library or customizing container components, using model props requires minimal additional setup, reducing complexity and potential overhead.

Steps to utilize model props for state management:

Define the State in the Parent Component: Ensure that the parent component maintains the state that needs to be shared.

Pass Props to Child Components: Pass the necessary state and any setter functions as props to the child components. For example, in a React-based SPA, you can do this using JSX syntax:

function ParentComponent() {

const [sharedState, setSharedState] = useState(initialState);

return (

);

}

Access and Modify State in Child Components: In the child components, access and modify the shared state using the props passed from the parent:

function ChildComponentA({ sharedState, setSharedState }) {

return (

);

}

By using this approach, you ensure a simple and effective way of managing and sharing state across components in your SPA, adhering to best practices for component-based architecture.

References:

React Documentation on Props

AEM SPA Editor Documentation

Option B and Option D are two implementations that will support the HTL snippet. Option B uses the @Model annotation with the adaptables parameter set to Resource.class. This allows the Sling Model to adapt from a resource object and access its properties using the ValueMap interface. Option B also uses the @Inject annotation with the name parameter set to “./text” to inject the value of the text property into the text field. Option D uses the @Model annotation with the defaultInjectionStrategy parameter set to OPTIONAL. This allows the Sling Model to use optional injection for all fields and avoid null pointer exceptions if a property is missing. Option D also uses the @Inject annotation without any parameters to inject the value of the text property into the text field, using the field name as the default property name. References: https://sling.apache.org/documentation/bundles/models.html https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-htl/using-htl/htl-block-statements.html?lang=en#use

To debug a CQ HTML client library in the AEM author instance, you need to add the query parameter debugClientLibs set to true. This parameter instructs AEM to include additional debugging information for client libraries, making it easier to troubleshoot issues with JavaScript, CSS, and other assets.

Steps to enable client library debugging:

Open the AEM Page: Navigate to the AEM page where you want to debug the client libraries.

Append the Query Parameter: Add ?debugClientLibs=true to the URL. For example:

http://localhost:4502/content/we-retail/us/en.html?debugClientLibs=true

Reload the Page: Refresh the browser page. AEM will now include debugging information for client libraries.

This parameter helps in identifying issues with client library loading, dependencies, and other client-side resources.

References:

Debugging Client Libraries in AEM

The Auto Replicate via On Off Trigger Configuration is a feature that allows content to be replicated as soon as the On Time and Off Times are reached. This feature can be enabled by creating an OSGi configuration for the com.day.cq.wcm.core.impl.servlets.OnOffTimeServlet service. This service listens for changes in the On Time and Off Time properties of pages and triggers replication accordingly. References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/deploying/configuring/replication.html?lang=en#on-off-time https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/deploying/configuring/replication.html?lang=en#auto-replication