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A company deploys a new web application on Amazon EC2 instances. The application runs in private subnets in three Availability Zones behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Security auditors require encryption of all connections. The company uses Amazon Route 53 for DNS and uses AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) to automate SSL/TLS certificate provisioning. SSL/TLS connections are terminated on the ALB.
The company tests the application with a single EC2 instance and does not observe any problems. However, after production deployment, users report that they can log in but that they cannot use the application. Every new web request restarts the login process.
What should a network engineer do to resolve this issue?
An organization is replacing a tape backup system with a storage gateway. there is currently no connectivity to AWS. Initial testing is needed.
What connection option should the organization use to get up and running at minimal cost?
A company wants to improve visibility into its AWS environment. The AWS environment consists of multiple VPCs that are connected to a transit gateway. The transit gateway connects to an on-premises data center through an AWS Direct Connect gateway and a pair of redundant Direct Connect connections that use transit VIFs. The company must receive notification each time a new route is advertised to AWS from on premises over Direct Connect.
What should a network engineer do to meet these requirements?
A company uses a 4 Gbps AWS Direct Connect dedicated connection with a link aggregation group (LAG) bundle to connect to five VPCs that are deployed in the us-east-1 Region. Each VPC serves a different business unit and uses its own private VIF for connectivity to the on-premises environment. Users are reporting slowness when they access resources that are hosted on AWS.
A network engineer finds that there are sudden increases in throughput and that the Direct Connect connection becomes saturated at the same time for about an hour each business day. The company wants to know which business unit is causing the sudden increase in throughput. The network engineer must find out this information and implement a solution to resolve the problem.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
An IoT company sells hardware sensor modules that periodically send out temperature, humidity, pressure, and location data through the MQTT messaging protocol. The hardware sensor modules send this data to the company's on-premises MQTT brokers that run on Linux servers behind a load balancer. The hardware sensor modules have been hardcoded with public IP addresses to reach the brokers.
The company is growing and is acquiring customers across the world. The existing solution can no longer scale and is introducing additional latency because of the company's global presence. As a result, the company decides to migrate its entire infrastructure from on premises to the AWS Cloud. The company needs to migrate without reconfiguring the hardware sensor modules that are already deployed across the world. The solution also must minimize latency.
The company migrates the MQTT brokers to run on Amazon EC2 instances.
What should the company do next to meet these requirements?
A company has two on-premises data center locations. There is a company-managed router at each data center. Each data center has a dedicated AWS Direct Connect connection to a Direct Connect gateway through a private virtual interface. The router for the first location is advertising 110 routes to the Direct Connect gateway by using BGP, and the router for the second location is advertising 60 routes to the Direct Connect gateway by using BGP. The Direct Connect gateway is attached to a company VPC through a virtual private gateway.
A network engineer receives reports that resources in the VPC are not reachable from various locations in either data center. The network engineer checks the VPC route table and sees that the routes from the first data center location are not being populated into the route table. The network engineer must resolve this issue in the most operationally efficient manner.
What should the network engineer do to meet these requirements?
A company has a total of 30 VPCs. Three AWS Regions each contain 10 VPCs. The company has attached the VPCs in each Region to a transit gateway in that Region. The company also
has set up inter-Region peering connections between the transit gateways.
The company wants to use AWS Direct Connect to provide access from its on-premises location for only four VPCs across the three Regions. The company has provisioned four Direct
Connect connections at two Direct Connect locations.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Select THREE.)
A company has deployed a web application on AWS. The web application uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) across multiple Availability Zones. The targets of the ALB are AWS Lambda functions. The web application also uses Amazon CloudWatch metrics for monitoring.
Users report that parts of the web application are not loading properly. A network engineer needs to troubleshoot the problem. The network engineer enables access logging for the ALB.
What should the network engineer do next to determine which errors the ALB is receiving?
A network engineer has deployed an Amazon EC2 instance in a private subnet in a VPC. The VPC has no public subnet. The EC2 instance hosts application code that sends messages to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. The subnet has the default network ACL with no modification applied. The EC2 instance has the default security group with no modification applied.
The SQS queue is not receiving messages.
Which of the following are possible causes of this problem? (Choose two.)
A network engineer is working on a large migration effort from an on-premises data center to an AWS Control Tower based multi-account environment. The environment
has a transit gateway that is deployed to a central network services account. The central network services account has been shared with an organization in AWS
Organizations through AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM).
A shared services account also exists in the environment. The shared services account hosts workloads that need to be shared with the entire organization.
The network engineer needs to create a solution to automate the deployment of common network components across the environment. The solution must provision a
VPC for application workloads to each new and existing member account. The VPCs must be connected to the transit gateway in the central network services account.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Select THREE.)
A company's network engineer is designing an active-passive connection to AWS from two on-premises data centers. The company has set up AWS Direct Connect connections between the on-premises data centers and AWS. From each location, the company is using a transit VIF that connects to a Direct Connect gateway that is associated with a transit gateway.
The network engineer must ensure that traffic from AWS to the data centers is routed first to the primary data center. The traffic should be routed to the failover data center only in the case of an outage.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A banking company has an application that must connect to specific public IP addresses from a VPC. A network engineer has configured routes in the route table that is associated with the application's subnet to the required public IP addresses through an internet gateway.
The network engineer needs to set up email notifications that will alert the network engineer when a user adds a default route to the application subnet's route table with the internet gateway as a target.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST implementation effort?
A company is deploying an application. The application is implemented in a series of containers in an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. The company will use the Fargate launch type for its tasks. The containers will run workloads that require connectivity initiated over an SSL connection. Traffic must be able to flow to the application from other AWS accounts over private connectivity. The application must scale in a manageable way as more consumers use the application.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
An AWS CloudFormation template is being used to create a VPC peering connection between two existing operational VPCs, each belonging to a different AWS account. All necessary components in the ‘Remote’ (receiving) account are already in place.
The template below creates the VPC peering connection in the Originating account. It contains these components:
AWSTemplateFormation Version: 2010-09-09
Parameters:
Originating VCId:
Type: String
RemoteVPCId:
Type: String
RemoteVPCAccountId:
Type: String
Resources:
newVPCPeeringConnection:
Type: ‘AWS::EC2::VPCPeeringConnection’
Properties:
VpcdId: !Ref OriginatingVPCId
PeerVpcId: !Ref RemoteVPCId
PeerOwnerId: !Ref RemoteVPCAccountId
Which additional AWS CloudFormation components are necessary in the Originating account to create an operational cross-account VPC peering connection with AWS CloudFormation? (Select two.)
A company is using Amazon Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall in a VPC to block all domains except domains that are on an approved list. The company is concerned that if DNS Firewall is unresponsive, resources in the VPC might be affected if the network cannot resolve any DNS queries. To maintain application service level agreements, the company needs DNS queries to continue to resolve even if Route 53 Resolver does not receive a response from DNS Firewall.
Which change should a network engineer implement to meet these requirements?
An Australian ecommerce company hosts all of its services in the AWS Cloud and wants to expand its customer base to the United States (US). The company is targeting the western US for the expansion.
The company’s existing AWS architecture consists of four AWS accounts with multiple VPCs deployed in the ap-southeast-2 Region. All VPCs are attached to a transit gateway in ap-southeast-2. There are dedicated VPCs for each application service. The company also has VPCs for centralized security features such as proxies, firewalls, and logging.
The company plans to duplicate the infrastructure from ap-southeast-2 to the us-west-1 Region. A network engineer must establish connectivity between the various applications in the two Regions. The solution must maximize bandwidth, minimize latency and minimize operational overhead.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A government contractor is designing a multi-account environment with multiple VPCs for a customer. A network security policy requires all traffic between any two VPCs to be transparently inspected by a third-party appliance.
The customer wants a solution that features AWS Transit Gateway. The setup must be highly available across multiple Availability Zones, and the solution needs to support automated failover. Furthermore, asymmetric routing is not supported by the inspection appliances.
Which combination of steps is part of a solution that meets these requirements? (Choose two.)
A company hosts an application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The company recently experienced a network security breach. A network engineer must collect and analyze logs that include the client IP address, target IP address, target port, and user agent of each user that accesses the application.
What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?
A company has a VPC that hosts Amazon EC2 instances in a private subnet. The EC2 Instances use a NAT gateway and an internet gateway for internet connectivity to retrieve data from specific internet websites. The company wants to use AWS Network Firewall to filter outbound traffic.
What should a network engineer do to meet these requirements?
A company is using third-party firewall appliances to monitor and inspect traffic on premises The company wants to use this same model on AWS. The company has a single VPC with an internet gateway. The VPC has a fleet of web servers that run on Amazon EC2 instances that are managed by an Auto Scaling group.
The company's network team needs to work with the security team to establish inline inspection of all packets that are sent to and from the web servers. The solution must scale as the fleet of virtual firewall appliances scales.
Which combination of steps should the network team take to implement this solution? (Select THREE.)
A company has deployed its AWS environment in a single AWS Region. The environment consists of a few hundred application VPCs, a shared services VPC, and a VPN connection to the company’s on-premises environment. A network engineer needs to implement a transit gateway with the following requirements:
• Application VPCs must be isolated from each other.
• Bidirectional communication must be allowed between the application VPCs and the on-premises network.
• Bidirectional communication must be allowed between the application VPCs and the shared services VPC.
The network engineer creates the transit gateway with options disabled for default route table association and default route table propagation. The network engineer also creates the VPN attachment for the on-premises network and creates the VPC attachments for the application VPCs and the shared services VPC.
The network engineer must meet all the requirements for the transit gateway by designing a solution that needs the least number of transit gateway route tables.
Which combination of actions should the network engineer perform to accomplish this goal? (Choose two.)
A network engineer needs to standardize a company's approach to centralizing and managing interface VPC endpoints for private communication with AWS services. The company uses AWS Transit Gateway for inter-VPC connectivity between AWS accounts through a hub-and-spoke model. The company's network services team must manage all Amazon Route 53 zones and interface endpoints within a shared services AWS account. The company wants to use this centralized model to provide AWS resources with access to AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) without sending traffic over the public internet.
What should the network engineer do to meet these requirements?
A network engineer is working on a private DNS design to integrate AWS workloads and on-premises resources. The AWS deployment consists of five VPCs in the eu-west-1 Region that connect to the on-premises network over AWS Direct Connect. The VPCs communicate with each other by using a transit gateway. Each VPC is associated with a private hosted zone that uses the aws.example.internal domain. The network engineer creates an Amazon Route 53 Resolver outbound endpoint in a shared services VPC and attaches the shared services VPC to the transit gateway.
The network engineer is implementing a solution for DNS resolution. Queries for hostnames that end with aws.example.internal must use the private hosted zone. Queries for hostnames that end with all other domains must be forwarded to a private on-premises DNS resolver.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company is planning to use Amazon S3 to archive financial data. The data is currently stored in an on-premises data center. The company uses AWS Direct Connect with a Direct Connect gateway and a transit gateway to connect to the on-premises data center. The data cannot be transported over the public internet and must be encrypted in transit.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company is developing an application in which IoT devices will report measurements to the AWS Cloud. The application will have millions of end users. The company observes that the IoT devices cannot support DNS resolution. The company needs to implement an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling solution so that the IoT devices can connect to an application endpoint without using DNS.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A company is migrating an existing application to a new AWS account. The company will deploy the application in a single AWS Region by using one VPC and multiple Availability Zones. The application will run on Amazon EC2 instances. Each Availability Zone will have several EC2 instances. The EC2 instances will be deployed in private subnets.
The company's clients will connect to the application by using a web browser with the HTTPS protocol. Inbound connections must be distributed across the Availability Zones and EC2 instances. All connections from the same client session must be connected to the same EC2 instance. The company must provide end-to-end encryption for all connections between the clients and the application by using the application SSL certificate.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Your company runs an application for the US market in the us-east-1 AWS region. This application uses proprietary TCP and UDP protocols on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances. End users run a real-time, front-end application on their local PCs. This front-end application knows the DNS hostname of the service.
You must prepare the system for global expansion. The end users must access the application with lowest latency.
How should you use AWS services to meet these requirements?
A financial company offers investment forecasts and recommendations to authorized users through the internet. All the services are hosted in the AWS Cloud. A new compliance requirement states that all the internet service traffic from any host must be logged and retained for 2 years. In its development AWS accounts, the company has designed, tested, and verified a solution that uses Amazon VPC Traffic Mirroring with a Network Load Balancer (NLB) as the traffic mirror target. While the solution runs in one AWS account, the solution mirrors the traffic to another AWS account.
A network engineer notices that not all traffic is mirrored when the solution is deployed into the production environment. The network engineer also notices that this behavior is random.
Which statements are possible explanations for why not all the traffic is mirrored? (Select TWO.)
A company has an application that runs on premises. The application needs to communicate with an application that runs in a VPC on AWS. The communication between the applications must be encrypted and must use private IP addresses. The communication cannot travel across the public internet.
The company has established a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises location and AWS.
Which solution will meet the connectivity requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A company is using an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection from the company's on-premises data center to a virtual private gateway in the AWS Cloud Because of congestion, the company is experiencing availability and performance issues as traffic travels across the internet before the traffic reaches AWS. A network engineer must reduce these issues for the connection as quickly as possible with minimum administration effort.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has a 2 Gbps AWS Direct Connect hosted connection from the company's office to a VPC in the ap-southeast-2 Region. A network engineer adds a 5 Gbps Direct Connect hosted connection from a different Direct Connect location in the same Region. The hosted connections are connected to different routers from the office with an iBGP session running in between the routers.
The network engineer wants to ensure that the VPC uses the 5 Gbps hosted connection to route traffic to the office. Failover to the 2 Gbps hosted connection must occur when the 5 Gbps hosted connection is down.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
An organization launched an IPv6-only web portal to support IPv6-native mobile clients. Front-end instances launch in an Amazon VPC associated with an appropriate IPv6 CIDR. The VPC IPv4 CIDR is fully utilized. A single subnet exists in each of two Availability Zones with appropriately configured IPv6 CIDR associations. Auto Scaling is properly configured, and no Elastic Load Balancing is used.
Customers say the service is unavailable during peak load times. The network engineer attempts to launch an instance manually and receives the following message: “There are not enough free addresses in subnet ‘subnet-12345677’ to satisfy the requested number of instances.”
What action will resolve the availability problem?
Your security team implements a host-based firewall on all of your Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances to block all outgoing traffic. Exceptions must be requested for each specific requirement. Until you request a new rule, you cannot access the instance metadata service. Which firewall rule should you request to be added to your instances to allow instance metadata access?
A company recently migrated its Amazon EC2 instances to VPC private subnets to satisfy a security compliance requirement. The EC2 instances now use a NAT gateway for internet access. After the migration, some long-running database queries from private EC2 instances to a publicly accessible third-party database no longer receive responses. The database query logs reveal that the queries successfully completed after 7 minutes but that the client EC2 instances never received the response.
Which configuration change should a network engineer implement to resolve this issue?
A network engineer needs to improve the network security of an existing AWS environment by adding an AWS Network Firewall firewall to control internet-bound traffic. The AWS environment consists of five VPCs. Each VPC has an internet gateway. NAT gateways, public Application Load Balancers (ALBs), and Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances are deployed in private subnets. The architecture is deployed across two Availability Zones.
The network engineer must be able to configure rules for the public IP addresses in the environment, regardless of the direction of traffic. The network engineer must add the firewall by implementing a solution that minimizes changes to the existing production environment. The solution also must ensure high availability.
Which combination of steps should the network engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
An ecommerce company needs to Implement additional security controls on all its domain names that are hosted in Amazon Route 53. The company's new policy requires data authentication and data integrity verification for all queries to the company's domain names. The current Route 53 architecture has four public hosted zones.
A network engineer needs to implement DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) signing and validation on the hosted zones. The solution must include an alert capability.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? {Select THREE.)
A company's VPC has Amazon EC2 instances that are communicating with AWS services over the public internet. The company needs to change the connectivity so that the communication
does not occur over the public intemet.
The company deploys AWS PrivateLink endpoints in the VPC. After the deployment of the PrivateLink endpoints, the EC2 instances can no longer communicate at all with the required AWS
services.
Which combination of steps should a network engineer take to restore communication with the AWS services? (Select TWO.)
A company uses Amazon Route 53 to host a public hosted zone for example.com. A network engineer recently reduced the TTL on several records to 60 seconds. The network engineer wants to assess whether the change has increased the number of queries to Route 53 beyond the expected levels that the company identified before the change. The network engineer must obtain the number of queries that have been made to the example.com public hosted zone.
Which solution will provide this information?
A company operates its IT services through a multi-site hybrid infrastructure. The company deploys resources on AWS in the us-east-1 Region and in the eu-west-2 Region. The company also deploys resources in its own data centers that are located in the United States (US) and in the United Kingdom (UK). In both AWS Regions, the company uses a transit gateway to connect 15 VPCs to each other. The company has created a transit gateway peering connection between the two transit gateways. The VPC CIDR blocks do not overlap with each other or with IP addresses used within the data centers. The VPC CIDR prefixes can also be aggregated either on a Regional level or for the company's entire AWS environment.
The data centers are connected to each other by a private WAN connection. IP routing information is exchanged dynamically through Interior BGP (iBGP) sessions. The data centers maintain connectivity to AWS through one AWS Direct Connect connection in the US and one Direct Connect connection in the UK. Each Direct Connect connection is terminated on a Direct Connect gateway and is associated with a local transit gateway through a transit VIF.
Traffic follows the shortest geographical path from source to destination. For example, packets from the UK data center that are targeted to resources in eu-west-2 travel across the local Direct Connect connection. In cases of cross-Region data transfers, such as from the UK data center to VPCs in us-east-1, the private WAN connection must be used to minimize costs on AWS. A network engineer has configured each transit gateway association on the Direct Connect gateway to advertise VPC-specific CIDR IP prefixes only from the local Region. The routes toward the other Region must be learned through BGP from the routers in the other data center in the original, non-aggregated form.
The company recently experienced a problem with cross-Region data transfers because of issues with its private WAN connection. The network engineer needs to modify the routing setup to prevent similar interruptions in the future. The solution cannot modify the original traffic routing goal when the network is operating normally.
Which modifications will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
Your organization has a newly installed 1-Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection. You order the cross-connect from the Direct Connect location provider to the port on your router in the same facility. To enable the use of your first virtual interface, your router must be configured appropriately.
What are the minimum requirements for your router?
TESTED 15 May 2025