Practice Free L3M3 Contract Administration Exam Questions Answers With Explanation

Explanation

An agreement between two or more parties which is enforceable in law.

This definition separates a contract from a social or domestic arrangement, in that contracts are in-tended to be enforceable at law. The other answers shown here dilute the concept, and so are unac-ceptableas answers to the question.

Explanation

The items are complementary. Complements.

For example, a Tesla car and a Tesla charging point.

Explanation

The calculation which needs to be done is one hundred thousand (dollars) divided by the contribu-tion per bottle. The contribution per bottle is one dollar minus the variable cost - 25 cents. Thus the contribution is 75 cents. One hundred thousand divided by $0.75 = 133,333. Note the answer is in units - in response to the QUESTION NO: of how many bottles / units must be sold to break even.

For people who feel they have difficulty with calculations, just look at the possible answers. If the contribution is a bit less than a dollar, and the fixed costs are 100,000, we would expect the answer to be a number a little over 100,000 - one of the answers fits the bill, and this is the correct answer. So the QUESTION NO: may look complicated or difficult, but if you stay calm and think it through, it's not that difficult.

Explanation

Offer and acceptance together make up 'agreement'.

Explanation

All of them.

This QUESTION NO: is a bit of a gift for you, but you may wish to just think about the dates and the nature of the legislation. If there is any UK bias in your CIPS examination, this may be time well spent. For students based in the UK: these Acts are powerful and significant. At managerial level at least, one would wish to be familiar with the broad thrust of each of these, plus the implications of The Equality Act.

Explanation

The contract clause may refer to or include both gainshare and painshare elements. If all goes well, gains to be shared; if things go badly, pain to be shared. The ratio does need to be 5050 - the parties can discuss / negotiate as they wish / agree.

One is actively discouraged from talking about penalties, which contain a notion of punishment, de-spite the rather odd fact that your syllabus contains the term 'penalty clauses'.

Explanation

The 'contribution' (selling price minus variable cost) for each bottle is 50 cents. Divide the fixed costs by the contribution (100,000 / 0.5) = 200,000

If your textbook or tutor has not covered this type of calculation, don't worry; it is a difficult ques-tion and is unlikely to be a significant issue in the CIPS examination.

Explanation

Risk register.

A risk manual is more likely to explain risk(s), and say what should be done regarding risks.

Explanation

Both penetration pricing and promotional pricing begin with the market price. Marginal pricing and rate of return pricing both look at the costs of doing something, and base their calculations on cost. These last two are therefore cost-based approaches to pricing.

Explanation

Non-disclosure agreement, also known as a confidentiality agreement.

Explanation

The business case will justify the expenditure.

Of the other answers offered, the only one which needs explanation presumably is 'cost analysis'. This needs to be distinguished from 'price analysis'.

Explanation

Milestone plan.

This is difficult, and if you opted for 'staged', that is understandable. 'Milestone' or 'gateway' are terms often used to describe a situation in which a particular point must be reached on a project, pri-or to release of funds. By this means, a close linkage can be made between outputs achieved and payments made. The idea of stages goes towards this, and 'progress payments' ie payment based on alleged progress or simply time, have been shown in many cases, to be ineffective in achieving value for money.

Explanation

Selling price minus variable costs = contribution., or more accurately 'contribution towards fixed costs and making a profit'. I find this longer term for 'fixed costs' to be quite helpful in clarifying exactly what we are talking about here.

Explanation

Win-win negotiations require a collaborative approach.

Explanation

Since performance specifications are all to do with outputs, 'input-driven' leaps out as being the cor-rect answer here.

Explanation

Probing.

Qualitative research enables a researcher to develop themes of interest, in more depth than simpler quantitative research.

Explanation

Liquidated damages clause.

The QUESTION NO: is pretty much a definition of a liquidated damages clause.

Explanation

Rewarding poor performance is not to be encouraged.

The other three options shown are often capable of motivating suppliers.

Explanation

'Market skimming' is the correct answer.

An obvious example of this type of pricing behaviour is in the field of technology, where 'early adopters' will pay significantly more for a product, even although they know the price will drop subsequently. For commercially-used products, sometimes there is an urgent need for an organisa-tion to acquire - a topical example as I write (early 2022) is some new surveillance technology which is in the news and which some governments are desperate to have. In consumer markets, everyone's 'go-to' example is the next generation smartphone, especially Apple products.

Promotional pricing is a short-term price reduction (or 'two-4-one' type offer) to generate sales in the short-term, for example to clear stock, or because of a manufacturer financial support arrangement.

Price discrimination is where the seller sets different prices for different market segments. An ex-ample would be charging different rail fares in UK or mainland Europe based on customer age.

Contribution pricing is based on the notion that sales should cover costs, contributing to the busi-ness, without necessarily making a profit. For example, a large order may be accepted which will keep the workforce employed (retaining their skills as well as having a considerate / ethical outlook) to see the firm through a rough period.

Explanation

Early supplier engagement - one of the assessment criteria for this course (3.1)

Explanation

Economic.

I think foreign exchange at least couldn't fit into any other STEEPLE factor, so that's a clincher and it has to be 'economic'.

Explanation

Even if you don't know what 'Epistemological' means, you should know it's the odd one out.

It relates to the philosophical study of knowledge.