Get CNSP Dumps : Verified Certified Network Security Practitioner (CNSP)

Symmetric encryption is a cryptographic technique where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption processes. In the context of network security, when data is encrypted prior to transmission and decrypted at the receiving end using a symmetric encryption algorithm (e.g., AES or Triple-DES), both the sender and receiver must share and utilize an identical secret key. This key is applied by the sender to transform plaintext into ciphertext and by the receiver to reverse the process, recovering the original plaintext. The efficiency of symmetric encryption makes it ideal for securing large volumes of data transmitted over networks, provided the key is securely distributed and managed.

Why A is correct:Option A accurately describes the fundamental property of symmetric encryption—using a single shared key for both encryption and decryption. This aligns with CNSP documentation, which emphasizes symmetric encryption’s role in securing data in transit (e.g., via VPNs or secure file transfers).

Why other options are incorrect:

B:This describes asymmetric encryption (e.g., RSA), where different keys (public and private) are used for encryption and decryption, not symmetric encryption.

C:Symmetric encryption inherently relies on keys; the absence of keys contradicts its definition and operational mechanism.

D:Symmetric encryption is not inherently insecure; its security depends on key strength and management practices, not the algorithm itself. CNSP highlights that algorithms like AES are widely regarded as secure when implemented correctly.

References:CNSP documentation on "Cryptographic Fundamentals" (Section on Symmetric Encryption Algorithms) explains the use of a single key and contrasts it with asymmetric methods, emphasizing secure key exchange challenges.

Negotiating a shared encryption key involves a process where two parties agree on a secret key over an insecure channel without directly transmitting it. This is distinct from encryption or hashing algorithms, which serve different purposes.

Why C is correct:The Diffie-Hellman (DH) algorithm is a key exchange protocol that enables two parties to establish a shared secret key using mathematical operations (e.g., modular exponentiation). It’s widely used in protocols like TLS and IPsec, as noted in CNSP for secure key negotiation.

Why other options are incorrect:

A:Triple-DES is a symmetric encryption algorithm for data encryption, not key negotiation.

B:SHA1 is a hash function for integrity, not key exchange.

D:AES is a symmetric encryption algorithm, not a key exchange mechanism.

References:CNSP "Cryptographic Protocols" (Section on Key Exchange) describes Diffie-Hellman as the standard for shared key negotiation, contrasting it with encryption algorithms.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ensures reliable, ordered data delivery via a connection-oriented handshake, contrasting with UDP’s lightweight, connectionless approach. Analyzing each service:

C. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):Uses TCP (port 80) for web traffic. TCP’s reliability ensures HTML, images, etc., arrive intact. HTTPS (TCP 443) extends this with TLS. RFC 2616 mandates TCP.

A. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol):Defaults to UDP (port 161) for monitoring devices. UDP’s speed suits its lightweight queries, though TCP variants exist (rarely used).

B. NTP (Network Time Protocol):Uses UDP (port 123) per RFC 5905. UDP minimizes latency for time sync, tolerating occasional packet loss.

D. IKE (Internet Key Exchange):Part of IPsec, uses UDP (port 500) per RFC 7296. UDP suits its negotiation phase; TCP isn’t standard.

Security Implications:TCP services like HTTP are more prone to state-based attacks (e.g., SYN floods) than UDP counterparts. CNSP likely contrasts TCP vs. UDP in protocol analysis.

Why other options are incorrect:

A, B, D:All default to UDP for efficiency, not TCP’s reliability.

Real-World Context:Firewalls prioritize TCP 80/443 rules for HTTP/HTTPS, while UDP 123 is opened for NTP servers.References:CNSP Official Study Guide (Network Protocols); RFC 2616 (HTTP), RFC 1155 (SNMP).

Online attacks require real-time interaction with a target system (e.g., a login interface), whereas offline attacks occur without direct system interaction, typically after obtaining data like password hashes. A rainbow table attack is an offline method that uses precomputed tables of hash values to reverse-engineer passwords from stolen hash databases, distinguishing it from the other options, which are online.

Why B is correct:Rainbow table attacks are performed offline after an attacker has already acquired a hash (e.g., from a compromised database). The attacker matches the hash against precomputed tables to find the plaintext password, requiring no interaction with the target system during the attack. CNSP classifies this as an offline password recovery technique.

Why other options are incorrect:

A:Brute force attacks involve repeatedly submitting password guesses to a live system (e.g., via SSH or a web login), making it an online attack.

C:Password spraying attacks test a few common passwords across many accounts on a live system, also an online attack aimed at avoiding lockouts.

D:Phishing attacks trick users into submitting credentials through fake interfaces (e.g., emails or websites), requiring real-time interaction and thus classified as online.

References:CNSP "Password Attack Methodologies" (Section on Online vs. Offline Attacks) defines rainbow table attacks as offline and contrasts them with online methods like brute force and phishing.

The net localgroup command manages local group memberships on Windows systems, with syntax dictating its action.

Why B is correct:net localgroup Sales Sales_domain /add adds the domain group Sales_domain to the local group Sales, granting its members local group privileges. CNSP covers this for privilege escalation testing.

Why other options are incorrect:

A:Displaying users requires net localgroup Sales without /add.

C:Adding a user requires a username, not a group name like Sales_domain.

D:The reverse (local to domain) uses net group, not net localgroup.

References:CNSP "Windows Group Management" (Section on net Commands) explains net localgroup for adding domain groups.