I&T-related issues should be considered as part of the design factors for a governance system in order to manage risks that could materialize. This proactive approach allows the enterprise to identify and mitigate potential risks before they occur, enhancing the overall resilience and effectiveness of the governance system.

References in COBIT 2019 Design and Implementation:

COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Chapter 2:This chapter explains the importance of considering I&T-related issues as design factors to address potential risks that could impact the governance system.

COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance and Management Objectives, APO12 (Managed Risk):This objective emphasizes the need to identify and manage risks that could affect IT and business processes.

By addressing potential risks through the design of the governance system, enterprises can better prepare for and mitigate adverse events, ensuring smoother and more effective IT operations.

In the process of refining the scope of the governance system, determining whether or not each design factor is applicable is a critical step. This step ensures that the governance system is tailored to the specific needs and context of the enterprise.

References in COBIT 2019 Design and Implementation:

COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Chapter 2:This chapter outlines the importance of assessing each design factor's applicability to ensure that the governance system is relevant and effective.

COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, Chapter 4:This chapter emphasizes the need to refine the governance system's scope based on the specific design factors relevant to the enterprise.

By determining the applicability of design factors, enterprises can focus on the most pertinent aspects, ensuring a tailored and efficient governance system.

Applying the full governance design workflow and carefully considering all design factors is most important when an enterprise requires a broad, holistic, and comprehensive view of its governance system. This scenario is where the entire spectrum of the governance framework needs to be analyzed and tailored to ensure it meets the enterprise's overall strategic goals and operational needs.

References in COBIT 2019 Design and Implementation:

COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Chapter 2:This chapter elaborates on how design factors influence the creation of a tailored governance system that is comprehensive and aligns with the enterprise's unique context.

COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, Chapter 4:This chapter discusses the importance of a holistic approach in establishing governance and the necessity of considering all design factors to create a system that encompasses all aspects of enterprise IT and business objectives.

COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Chapter 3:This chapter provides steps for implementing a comprehensive governance system, emphasizing the importance of a full governance design workflow to achieve a thorough and effective governance structure.

By following the full governance design workflow, enterprises can ensure that their governance framework is not only comprehensive but also customized to address specific needs, thereby improving alignment, efficiency, and compliance across the organization.