Practice Free CFR-410 CyberSec First Responder (CFR) Exam Exam Questions Answers With Explanation

Hashing and time-stamping are used to ensure the integrity of electronic evidence. By generating a hash value and recording a time stamp, it is possible to verify that the evidence has not been altered or tampered with, maintaining its authenticity and trustworthiness during investigations.

Old or unused code can increase an attack surface because it may contain vulnerabilities that have not been addressed or patched. Attackers can exploit these vulnerabilities, especially if the code is not actively maintained or monitored.

Single firewall: A single firewall is the simplest method for designing a DMZ network, where a firewall is placed between the internal network and the external network (internet), controlling traffic to and from the DMZ.

Dual firewall: A dual firewall setup uses two firewalls, one between the internal network and the DMZ, and the other between the DMZ and the external network. This adds an extra layer of security.

An insufficient Service Level Agreement (SLA) is likely the cause of the organization's weakness in establishing key performance indicators (KPIs) for its service hosting solution. SLAs define the expected performance and service levels, and without clear SLAs, it is difficult to establish appropriate KPIs to measure and monitor the service's effectiveness and performance.

The host that owns the IP address sends an ARP reply message with its physical address. Each host machine maintains a table, called ARP cache, used to convert MAC addresses to IP addresses. Since ARP is a stateless protocol, every time a host gets an ARP reply from another host, even though it has not sent an ARP request for that reply, it accepts that ARP entry and updates its ARP cache. The process of updating a target host’s ARP cache with a forged entry is referred to as poisoning.

To help identify lessons learned and follow-up action: Post-incident reviews are critical for analyzing what went well and what could be improved, allowing the organization to apply lessons learned to future incidents.

To help prevent an incident recurrence: The review process helps identify weaknesses or gaps in the security posture, leading to actions that can prevent similar incidents from happening again in the future.

A complete hardware and software inventory is essential for a disaster recovery plan because it allows an organization to quickly assess which systems and resources are required to restore operations in the event of a disaster. This inventory helps ensure that critical components are accounted for and can be replaced or restored as needed.

A security breach refers to unauthorized access that compromises the security of an information asset, violating controls such as authentication, authorization, or accounting. This breach often involves intentional actions like accessing, destroying, or manipulating the asset without proper authorization.

Offsite backups provide the best chance for data recovery after a ransomware attack. Since the critical documents and files are encrypted, having backups stored in a secure offsite location allows the organization to restore the files without having to rely on paying the ransom or trying to recover the data from the compromised system.

Log aggregation refers to the process of collecting logs from multiple sources across an IT infrastructure and centralizing them in a single platform for review and analysis. This helps simplify monitoring and enhances the ability to detect and respond to security events.

Volatility is a powerful memory forensics tool used to analyze a system's physical memory (RAM). It allows investigators to extract valuable information from memory dumps, such as running processes, network connections, and other artifacts that are crucial in a digital forensics investigation.

Raising user awareness: Educating users about the dangers of malware, phishing, and safe browsing practices can help prevent malware infections that occur due to user actions.

Application patching: Regularly updating and patching applications ensures that known vulnerabilities, which could be exploited by malware, are fixed, reducing the risk of successful attacks.

Traditional SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) systems are designed to provide aggregation, normalization, correlation, and alerting of log and event data from various sources within an organization's network. These functions help identify potential security incidents, providing security teams with the necessary information to investigate and respond to threats effectively.

A Zero-Day Exploit targets vulnerabilities in software that are unknown to the software vendor or the public. Since the issue has not been disclosed or patched yet, attackers can exploit it before any fix or mitigation is made available, hence the term "zero-day." Would you like to explore how organizations can defend against such threats?

Vishing, or voice phishing, is a form of social engineering where an attacker uses phone calls to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as personal details or login credentials.

The /var/log/daemon.log file in a Linux operating system contains log entries related to various system background processes or daemons. These daemons run in the background and provide services like networking, security, and other system functions. This log file helps administrators monitor the activity and performance of these processes.

Performing Vulnerability Assessments and Penetration Testing: These tools are used to identify weaknesses in the system configurations and test whether the IT systems are vulnerable to various security threats, which helps verify compliance with security policies.

Implementing Baseline Configuration Security Controls: Baseline configuration controls ensure that IT systems are set up according to predefined, secure configurations, which helps ensure compliance with organizational security policies and standards.

Random Access Memory (RAM) is considered the most volatile type of digital evidence because it is temporary storage that is wiped clean when the system is powered off or restarted. This makes it crucial for investigators to capture RAM contents as quickly as possible during an incident response, as it can contain valuable evidence, such as running processes and network connections.

Satisfying regulatory compliance requirements: Many regulatory frameworks require organizations to implement logging and monitoring to ensure compliance with data protection and security standards.

Data collection: Security logging and monitoring collect valuable data that can help detect and analyze security events.

Forensic analysis and investigations: Logs provide detailed records that can be used for investigating security incidents, performing forensic analysis, and identifying the cause of an attack.

Bro (now known as Zeek): This is an open-source network monitoring tool that can be used as an IDS to analyze traffic and detect suspicious activity.

Snort: Snort is a widely used open-source IDS that can detect and prevent network intrusions by analyzing network traffic.

Suricata: Suricata is an open-source IDS/IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) that provides high-performance intrusion detection and network security monitoring.

sha256sum: This tool calculates the SHA-256 hash of a file, which can be used for integrity verification by comparing the hash value with a known, trusted value.

md5sum: This tool calculates the MD5 hash of a file, which can also be used to verify its integrity by checking against a known hash value.

md5deep: This is a tool that provides recursive MD5 hash calculation, which can be useful for verifying the integrity of multiple files at once.