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  • Exam Name: CyberSec First Responder (CFR) Exam
  • Last Update: Jun 17, 2025
  • Questions and Answers: 180
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CFR-410 Practice Exam Questions with Answers CyberSec First Responder (CFR) Exam Certification

Question # 6

Which of the following digital forensic goals is being provided with hashing and time-stamping of the electronic evidence?

A.

Confidentiality

B.

Encryption

C.

Integrity

D.

Availability

E.

Chain of custody

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Question # 7

Which of the following can increase an attack surface?

A.

Old or unused code

B.

Vulnerability scanning

C.

Mapping of an attack surface

D.

Penetration scanning

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Question # 8

Which two options represent the most basic methods for designing a DMZ network firewall? (Choose two.)

A.

Software firewall

B.

Single firewall

C.

Triple firewall

D.

Dual firewall

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Question # 9

During an audit, an organization's ability to establish key performance indicators for its service hosting solution is discovered to be weak. What could be the cause of this?

A.

Improper deployment of the Service-Oriented Architecture

B.

Insufficient Service Level Agreement (SLA)

C.

Absence of a Business Intelligence (Bl) solution

D.

Inadequate Cost Modeling (CM)

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Question # 10

When tracing an attack to the point of origin, which of the following items is critical data to map layer 2 switching?

A.

DNS cache

B.

ARP cache

C.

CAM table

D.

NAT table

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Question # 11

Which two answer options are the BEST reasons to conduct post-incident reviews after an incident occurs in an organization? (Choose two.)

A.

To help leverage automated scanning tools and ad hoc tests

B.

To help identify lessons learned and follow-up action.

C.

To help identify event detection information.

D.

To help prevent an incident recurrence.

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Question # 12

A user receives an email about an unfamiliar bank transaction, which includes a link. When clicked, the link redirects the user to a web page that looks exactly like their bank’s website and asks them to log in with their username and password. Which type of attack is this?

A.

Whaling

B.

Smishing

C.

Vishing

D.

Phishing

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Question # 13

During a malware-driven distributed denial of service attack, a security researcher found excessive requests to a name server referring to the same domain name and host name encoded in hexadecimal. The malware author used which type of command and control?

A.

Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

B.

Dnscat2

C.

Custom channel

D.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

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Question # 14

Which of the following is an essential component of a disaster recovery plan?

A.

Memorandums of agreement with vendors

B.

Product service agreements

C.

A dedicated incident response team

D.

Complete hardware and software inventories

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Question # 15

What is the definition of a security breach?

A.

An event or series of correlated events that indicate a potential violation of some control or policy.

B.

Unauthorized access that violates the authentication, authorization, and accounting of an information asset through intentional access, destruction, or manipulation of an information asset.

C.

An event or series of uncorrelated events that indicate a potential violation of some control or policy has occurred.

D.

Unauthorized access that violates the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of an information asset in the form of unintentional access, destruction, or manipulation of an information asset.

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Question # 16

Which of the following, when exposed together, constitutes PII? (Choose two.)

A.

Full name

B.

Birth date

C.

Account balance

D.

Marital status

E.

Employment status

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Question # 17

A Linux administrator is trying to determine the character count on many log files. Which of the following command and flag combinations should the administrator use?

A.

tr -d

B.

uniq -c

C.

wc -m

D.

grep -c

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Question # 18

An organization was recently hit with a ransomware attack that encrypted critical documents and files that were stored on the corporate file server.

Which of the following provides the organization with the BEST chance for recovering their data?

A.

Application white listing!

B.

Antivirus software

C.

Paying the ransom

D.

Offsite backups

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Question # 19

Which term describes the process of collecting logs from many sources across an IT infrastructure into a single, centralized platform to be reviewed and analyzed?

A.

Log processing

B.

Log aggregation

C.

Log monitoring

D.

Log normalization

E.

Log correlation

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Question # 20

A security administrator notices a process running on their local workstation called SvrsScEsdKexzCv.exe.

The unknown process is MOST likely:

A.

Malware

B.

A port scanner

C.

A system process

D.

An application process

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Question # 21

The incident response team has completed root cause analysis for an incident. Which of the following actions should be taken in the next phase of the incident response process? (Choose two.)

A.

Providing a briefing to management

B.

Updating policies and procedures

C.

Training staff for future incidents

D.

Investigating responsible staff

E.

Drafting a recovery plan for the incident

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Question # 22

A digital forensics investigation requires analysis of a compromised system's physical memory. Which of the following tools should the forensics analyst use to complete this task?

A.

Autopsy

B.

FTK

C.

Volatility

D.

Wire shark

E.

CAINE

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Question # 23

According to company policy, all accounts with administrator privileges should have suffix _ja. While reviewing Windows workstation configurations, a security administrator discovers an account without the suffix in the administrator’s group. Which of the following actions should the security administrator take?

A.

Review the system log on the affected workstation.

B.

Review the security log on a domain controller.

C.

Review the system log on a domain controller.

D.

Review the security log on the affected workstation.

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Question # 24

Which two mitigation strategies can prevent an attack delivered via malware? (Choose two.)

A.

Daily backups

B.

Raising user awareness

C.

Implementing IDS

D.

Application patching

E.

Multi-factor authentication

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Question # 25

Traditional SIEM systems provide:

A.

Unknown Attacks Analysis User Behavior Analysis and Network Anomalies

B.

Aggregation, Normalization, Correlation, and Alerting.

C.

Static Malware Analysis, Dynamic Malware Analysis, and Hybrid Malware Analysis.

D.

Privileged Identity Management. Privileged Access Management, and Identity and Access Management.

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Question # 26

Various logs are collected for a data leakage case to make a forensic analysis. Which of the following are

MOST important for log integrity? (Choose two.)

A.

Hash value

B.

Time stamp

C.

Log type

D.

Modified date/time

E.

Log path

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Question # 27

Which of the following attack vectors capitalizes on a previously undisclosed issue with a software application?

A.

Zero-Day Exploit

B.

Brute Force

C.

Misconfiguration

D.

Ransomware

E.

Phishing

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Question # 28

A security operations center (SOC) analyst observed an unusually high number of login failures on a particular database server. The analyst wants to gather supporting evidence before escalating the observation to management. Which of the following expressions will provide login failure data for 11/24/2015?

A.

grep 20151124 security_log | grep –c “login failure”

B.

grep 20150124 security_log | grep “login_failure”

C.

grep 20151124 security_log | grep “login”

D.

grep 20151124 security_log | grep –c “login”

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Question # 29

Which common source of vulnerability should be addressed to BEST mitigate against URL redirection attacks?

A.

Application

B.

Users

C.

Network infrastructure

D.

Configuration files

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Question # 30

An incident response team is concerned with verifying the integrity of security information and event

management (SIEM) events after being written to disk. Which of the following represents the BEST option for addressing this concern?

A.

Time synchronization

B.

Log hashing

C.

Source validation

D.

Field name consistency

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Question # 31

Which answer option is a tactic of social engineering in which an attacker engages in an attack performed by phone?

A.

Smishing

B.

Pretexting

C.

Vishing

D.

Phishing

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Question # 32

An administrator believes that a system on VLAN 12 is Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) poisoning clients on the network. The administrator attaches a system to VLAN 12 and uses Wireshark to capture traffic. After

reviewing the capture file, the administrator finds no evidence of ARP poisoning. Which of the following actions should the administrator take next?

A.

Clear the ARP cache on their system.

B.

Enable port mirroring on the switch.

C.

Filter Wireshark to only show ARP traffic.

D.

Configure the network adapter to promiscuous mode.

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Question # 33

In a Linux operating system, what kind of information does a /var/log/daemon.log file contain?

A.

Debug-related messages

B.

Various system background processes

C.

System messages

D.

User password

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Question # 34

Which of the following could be useful to an organization that wants to test its incident response procedures without risking any system downtime?

A.

Blue team exercise

B.

Business continuity exercise

C.

Tabletop exercise

D.

Red team exercise

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Question # 35

Which of the following are legally compliant forensics applications that will detect an alternative data stream (ADS) or a file with an incorrect file extension? (Choose two.)

A.

Disk duplicator

B.

EnCase

C.

dd

D.

Forensic Toolkit (FTK)

E.

Write blocker

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Question # 36

A system administrator identifies unusual network traffic from outside the local network. Which of the following

is the BEST method for mitigating the threat?

A.

Malware scanning

B.

Port blocking

C.

Packet capturing

D.

Content filtering

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Question # 37

Malicious code designed to execute in concurrence with a particular event is BEST defined as which of the following?

A.

Logic bomb

B.

Rootkit

C.

Trojan

D.

Backdoor

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Question # 38

During the forensic analysis of a compromised computer image, the investigator found that critical files are missing, caches have been cleared, and the history and event log files are empty. According to this scenario, which of the following techniques is the suspect using?

A.

System hardening techniques

B.

System optimization techniques

C.

Defragmentation techniques

D.

Anti-forensic techniques

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Question # 39

An incident responder has collected network capture logs in a text file, separated by five or more data fields.

Which of the following is the BEST command to use if the responder would like to print the file (to terminal/ screen) in numerical order?

A.

cat | tac

B.

more

C.

sort –n

D.

less

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Question # 40

During which of the following attack phases might a request sent to port 1433 over a whole company network be seen within a log?

A.

Reconnaissance

B.

Scanning

C.

Gaining access

D.

Persistence

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Question # 41

Which of the following describes United States federal government cybersecurity policies and guidelines?

A.

NIST

B.

ANSI

C.

NERC

D.

GDPR

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Question # 42

ABC Company uses technical compliance tests to verify that its IT systems are configured according to organizational information security policies, standards, and guidelines. Which two tools and controls can ABC Company use to verify that its IT systems are configured accordingly? (Choose two.)

A.

Implementing Automated Key Management Procedures

B.

Implementing Automated Human Resource Procedures

C.

Performing Vulnerability Assessments and Penetration Testing

D.

Implementing Baseline Configuration Security Controls

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Question # 43

Which of the following types of digital evidence is considered the MOST volatile?

A.

Data on a hard disk

B.

Temporary file space

C.

Swap file

D.

Random access memory

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Question # 44

An unauthorized network scan may be detected by parsing network sniffer data for:

A.

IP traffic from a single IP address to multiple IP addresses.

B.

IP traffic from a single IP address to a single IP address.

C.

IP traffic from multiple IP addresses to a single IP address.

D.

IP traffic from multiple IP addresses to other networks.

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Question # 45

Organizations considered “covered entities” are required to adhere to which compliance requirement?

A.

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)

B.

Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)

C.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)

D.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 27001

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Question # 46

An attacker intercepts a hash and compares it to pre-computed hashes to crack a password. Which of the following methods has been used?

A.

Password sniffing

B.

Brute force attack

C.

Rainbow tables

D.

Dictionary attack

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Question # 47

Detailed step-by-step instructions to follow during a security incident are considered:

A.

Policies

B.

Guidelines

C.

Procedures

D.

Standards

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Question # 48

What are three benefits of security logging and monitoring? (Choos)

A.

Feeding intrusion detection systems

B.

Satisfying regulatory compliance requirements

C.

Data collection

D.

Forensic analysis and investigations

E.

Penetration testinge three.)

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Question # 49

Which asset would be the MOST desirable for a financially motivated attacker to obtain from a health insurance company?

A.

Transaction logs

B.

Intellectual property

C.

PII/PHI

D.

Network architecture

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Question # 50

During a security investigation, a suspicious Linux laptop is found in the server room. The laptop is processing information and indicating network activity. The investigator is preparing to launch an investigation to

determine what is happening with this laptop. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate set of Linux commands that should be executed to conduct the investigation?

A.

iperf, traceroute, whois, ls, chown, cat

B.

iperf, wget, traceroute, dc3dd, ls, whois

C.

lsof, chmod, nano, whois, chown, ls

D.

lsof, ifconfig, who, ps, ls, tcpdump

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Question # 51

Which of the following tools can be used as an intrusion detection system (IDS)? (Choose three.)

A.

Bro

B.

Wireshark/tshark

C.

Metasploit

D.

Suricata

E.

Snort

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Question # 52

Which three tools are used for integrity verification of files? (Choose three.)

A.

sha256sum

B.

ent

C.

pgp32

D.

md5sum

E.

md5deep

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Question # 53

A security engineer is setting up security information and event management (SIEM). Which of the following log sources should the engineer include that will contain indicators of a possible web server compromise? (Choose two.)

A.

NetFlow logs

B.

Web server logs

C.

Domain controller logs

D.

Proxy logs

E.

FTP logs

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Question # 54

An incident responder was asked to analyze malicious traffic. Which of the following tools would be BEST for this?

A.

Hex editor

B.

tcpdump

C.

Wireshark

D.

Snort

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