300-430 Practice Exam Questions with Answers Implementing Cisco Enterprise Wireless Networks (300-430 ENWLSI) Certification

 If all APs are receiving multicast traffic instead of only those that need it, it indicates that Multicast Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping is not enabled. IGMP snooping is a feature that allows a network switch to listen to IGMP network traffic and ensure that multicast packets are only sent to the ports associated with interested receivers, thus preventing unnecessary traffic on the network. References := CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

In a dual SSID design for BYOD, one SSID is used for provisioning devices, and the other is for network access. It’s important not to enforce an ACL to switch SSIDs after provisioning because this could disrupt the user experience. Instead, the process should be seamless, with the device automatically connecting to the access SSID after provisioning is complete. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an authentication framework frequently used in wireless networks and Point-to-Point connections. During the EAP authentication process, EAP Request and EAP Response packets are exchanged between the supplicant (client device) and the authenticator (network). These packets are used to transport messages for the authentication process. An EAP Request packet is sent by the authenticator requesting identity information from the supplicant, while an EAP Response packet is sent by the supplicant in reply to the request. The other options, such as EAP complete, EAP failure, and EAP reply, are not standard EAP packet types. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

In Cisco ISE version 2.1 for BYOD with a Single SSID setup, 802.1x must be configured to provide the necessary layer of security and to facilitate the device registration process. 802.1x authentication allows for the use of EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) to authenticate users before they can access the network. This ensures that only authorized devices can join the BYOD network, providing a secure method for device onboarding and access control. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

To assess different client types connected to a Cisco Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controller without using external servers, the device classification feature (D) can be used. This feature allows the controller to classify devices based on their MAC addresses and other characteristics. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

For a network with 3000 APs and 7000 IPS licenses, scaling to a high-end server is appropriate. This will provide the necessary resources and capabilities to support the large number of APs and the extensive licensing requirements for the Intrusion Prevention System.

 In the context of Cisco Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controllers, RADIUS profiling requires the correct AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) configuration to collect and forward details about clients to a RADIUS server such as Cisco ISE (Identity Services Engine). The correct command in this scenario is “aaa accounting network acct_method start-stop group rad-group” which enables accounting of network services. This command starts gathering accounting information for all network-related service requests and sends start and stop records to the RADIUS server specified in the ‘rad-group’. This allows the controller to forward information about clients’ activities on the wireless network to Cisco ISE for profiling.

References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

When deploying Cisco Hyperlocation, it is important to enable the feature on both the wireless LAN controller and Cisco CMX to ensure proper functionality and data accuracy. Additionally, if the Cisco CMX server is a VM, a high-end VM is required to handle the processing demands of Cisco Hyperlocation deployments. References: The considerations for deploying Cisco Hyperlocation are covered in the certification guide, which emphasizes the importance of enabling the feature on both the controller and CMX, as well as the hardware requirements for the CMX server.

 The configuration for the Rogue Rule named “Rule 1” is set to classify an access point (AP) as malicious if it meets certain conditions. The rule specifies that the AP must have a Minimum RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) of less than or equal to -65 dBm and must have been seen for a Time Duration greater than or equal to 3600 seconds. Among the options provided, both A and C have been seen for more than 3600 seconds, which satisfies the Time Duration condition. However, for the RSSI condition, only option C with an RSSI of -60 dBm meets the criteria of being less than or equal to -65 dBm. Therefore, option C is the correct answer, as it fulfills both conditions set by the Rogue Rule.

The output observed in Prime Infrastructure suggests that there is at least one strong interferer impacting connectivity at this site. This conclusion is drawn from observing areas marked with intense red coloring indicating high levels of RF interference which could degrade wireless performance significantly if not addressed. 

For central web authentication with Cisco ISE in a Cisco AireOS WLC environment using auto-anchor for the guest network, the foreign WLC must have UDP ports 1812 and 1813 open to ISE for RADIUS authentication and accounting. Additionally, a downloadable preauth ACL on ISE is required to define the permissions for the guest user before authentication, and a local preauth ACL on the WLC is needed to restrict or allow traffic prior to authentication. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide, particularly the chapters on WLC configuration for guest access and integration with Cisco ISE for security and access control.

 The Cisco Mobility Services Engine (MSE) integrates with Cisco DNA Center to provide advanced location services, including the tracking of clients experiencing connectivity issues. This integration allows network administrators to visualize and troubleshoot client locations effectively. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide, which details the integration of location services within Cisco DNA Center.

 The issue described indicates that the Angle of Arrival (AoA) data is not being transmitted between the Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) and the virtual CMX server. To resolve this, the network administrator must ensure that port 2003 is allowed for AoA packets to flow through between the CMX appliances, which is necessary for Hyperlocation data transmission. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

AutoQoS simplifies the deployment of QoS by automating the process. On the Cisco Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controller, AutoQoS takes into account the characteristics of wireless traffic and helps in implementing a consistent QoS policy across both wired and wireless parts of the network. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide.

For printing services using Bonjour in a WLAN environment where mDNS services are utilized, especially with WLC firmware version 8.x, it’s essential that:

• Enable mDNS and IGMP snooping (Option A): Multicast DNS or mDNS needs to be enabled for Bonjour services to function correctly as they rely on this protocol for service discovery within local networks. IGMP snooping improves network efficiency by ensuring multicast traffic is only forwarded to nodes that have explicitly requested it.

References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

Allowing access to the Local Area Network (LAN) without implementing a Mobile Device Management (MDM) solution poses a significant security risk to a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policy. Without MDM, the organization lacks control over the personal devices that connect to its network, which could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, potential data breaches, and the inability to enforce security policies.

 To control administrative access to the WLC using Active Directory without concern for RBAC post-authentication, the engineer would configure a RADIUS server (option D) and a TACACS server (option E). These servers can integrate with Active Directory to authenticate users, and once authenticated, the admin user’s access level can be determined without the need for additional role-based access control configurations within the WLC. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide, focusing on the integration of WLC with RADIUS and TACACS servers for administrative access control.

A rogue AP with open authentication poses a high security risk as it does not require a password, making it easy for unauthorized users to connect. If the rogue AP accepts clients, it can potentially capture sensitive data from those clients. A foreign SSID indicates that the AP is not part of the managed network and could be maliciously installed to lure unsuspecting users. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide, focusing on security risks associated with rogue APs.

 For a startup company without LDAP, using the internal database of the RADIUS server is a viable solution to authenticate wireless users. This approach allows the company to maintain a directory of users within the RADIUS server itself, providing similar security and user experience as LDAP would. Users can be authenticated against this internal database, ensuring secure access to the wireless network. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

For a network using EIGRP and BGP within a single domain from a single source, Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) is the most suitable multicast routing to be implemented. PIM-SM is efficient for networks with a large number of networks and few receivers, which seems to be the case for an all-company video meeting.

References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

In this scenario where branch wireless users can still associate locally but cannot access head office services due to WAN downtime indicates that Cisco FlexConnect is likely in use. The correct elements are: A - authentication-local/switch-local: This means that client authentication and data switching are happening locally at the branch. E - standalone mode: With WAN down, FlexConnect APs operate in standalone mode allowing clients to associate even without connectivity back to WLC. F - WEB authentication: This could be used as an authentication method regardless of WAN state since it’s processed locally at AP level. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

To ensure that only admins have access to network device management while allowing guest users to reach the web portal, access to Cisco ISE must be permitted on the pre-authentication ACL. This configuration allows guests to interact with the portal without granting them broader network access.

The Network Mobility Services Protocol (NMSP) is the protocol used by Cisco Mobility Services Engine (MSE) to communicate with Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs). For NMSP messages to successfully pass through a firewall, the correct port must be allowed. The default port for NMSP traffic is TCP 16113. Therefore, to ensure communication between MSE and WLC using NMSP, TCP port 16113 must be allowed on the firewall. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

In a distributed wireless deployment model, the traffic can either be switched locally or sent back to the controller. For the corporate WLAN “Corp-401266017”, it is essential that the traffic goes through the controllers in the data center to access the file servers securely. Therefore, local switching should be disabled for this WLAN. Conversely, for the guest WLAN “Guest-19283746”, the requirement is to use the local Internet line. Enabling local switching for this WLAN allows the traffic to bypass the controller and use the local internet, reducing latency and potentially providing a better user experience for guests. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide, specifically the sections discussing WLAN traffic forwarding and local switching options.

The Cisco OfficeExtend Access Point (OEAP) feature is enabled on a Cisco Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controller through the Flex Profile. The Flex Profile allows for the configuration of various settings specific to FlexConnect deployments, including OEAP settings, which enable remote workers to connect to the corporate network securely.

References :=

• CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide
• Cisco documentation on Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controllers

The correct command to configure the controller to update Cisco CMX every 5 seconds for rogue devices is “config nmsp notification interval rssi rogues 5”. NMSP (Network Mobility Services Protocol) is used by Cisco wireless controllers to manage and communicate with connected services such as Cisco CMX. The command structure “config nmsp notification interval” followed by the specific type of device or metric, in this case, ‘rssi rogues’, and the desired interval time ‘5’ seconds, sets the frequency of NMSP notifications for RSSI updates related to rogue devices.

References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

FastLocate technology enhances location updates’ frequency by utilizing probe requests from clients for real-time location tracking. This method increases the refresh rate of client locations significantly compared to other methods that rely on data packets or RSSI measurements of associated clients only. By implementing a probe-based technique, an engineer can achieve higher location refresh rates as required for location services in an office environment. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

To segregate all iPads on the guest WLAN to a separate VLAN without using Cisco ISE, the engineer can create a local policy on the WLC (option A). This local policy can be configured to identify iPad devices and assign them to a specific VLAN based on their device profile or other identifying characteristics. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide, especially the sections that cover local policies and device profiling on the WLC.

 FlexConnect is a wireless solution for branch office and remote office deployments. It allows APs to switch data traffic locally and perform client authentication locally when their connection to the controller is interrupted. For the scenario described, where a corporation is spread across different countries and wants to minimize delays while ensuring strong connectivity, FlexConnect with central switching enabled is appropriate. This configuration allows traffic to be switched locally at the AP, reducing the amount of traffic traversing the MPLS network to the central WLC, thus minimizing delays. References := CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

To address concerns about detecting spurious threats from channels not used by the wireless infrastructure, deploying APs in monitor mode (B) and local mode with WIPS submode (D) would be beneficial. Monitor mode allows APs to listen to the wireless spectrum and identify potential threats, while WIPS (Wireless Intrusion Prevention System) submode enhances the ability to detect and mitigate wireless threats. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

 To ensure that the guest network uses only lower rates instead of 802.11n data rates, the WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) policy of the WLAN should be set to disabled ©. This will prevent the use of 802.11n data rates, which require WMM to be enabled. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

On a Cisco Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controller, the command set that prevents a FlexConnect AP from allowing wireless clients to connect when its Ethernet connection is nonoperational is the fallback-radio-shut command within the FlexConnect profile configuration. This command disables the radios on the AP, thus preventing client connections during Ethernet link failure. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

The remote LAN (RLAN) feature on the OfficeExtend Access Point (OEAP) is used to extend the wired network through more than one port. This allows the creation of a wired interface on the OEAP that can be associated with a specific VLAN, providing connectivity for wired devices at remote locations. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

VLAN-based central switching is the feature that meets the requirements stated. With this feature, when a subnet assigned to a client is available at the remote site, the traffic is offloaded locally. If the subnet is not available, the traffic is tunneled back to the Wireless LAN Controller (WLC). This setup allows for dynamic assignment of clients to specific IP subnets using Cisco Identity-Based Networking Services with ISE. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

To ensure that only PEAP authentication is used for network access through a wireless network using WPA2 Enterprise with 802.1X, enabling AAA override on an SSID allows individual client authentication requests to be modified by RADIUS server responses dynamically. By configuring an access policy in Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) that permits access solely when PEAP is used as the EAP authentication method, any user attempting to authenticate using EAP-FAST will be denied network access until their devices are configured correctly for PEAP usage. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

The Cisco Hyperlocation feature requires enabling on both the wireless LAN controller and Cisco CMX to function correctly. This allows for precise location tracking by integrating data from both components. Additionally, if the Cisco CMX server is a virtual machine (VM), it is recommended to use a high-end VM to handle the processing demands of Cisco Hyperlocation deployments, ensuring optimal performance and accuracy.

To collect user demographic information in exchange for guest WLAN access and to have a customized portal per location, the marketing department should tie the Facebook social connector into Cisco CMX. Facebook is widely used for social login features and provides access to demographic data when users consent, making it the ideal choice for this requirement. References: The use of social connectors for demographic data collection is discussed in the context of advanced location services in the official certification guide.

An ACL configured for BYOD clients to redirect to a guest portal must allow access to the RADIUS server and Cisco ISE. The RADIUS server is crucial for authentication services, a core component of network access control for BYOD. Cisco ISE integrates with the network infrastructure to provide comprehensive security, including guest access management, thus its accessibility is essential for the redirection process to function correctly. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

 To improve the speed of client roaming in a wireless network, especially in scenarios where applications are dropping during roams between access points, it is recommended to switch to WPA2 with AES encryption. WPA2AES provides a more robust and efficient encryption method, which can facilitate faster and more secure client handoffs between APs. This change can help mitigate issues with application drops during roaming. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide, focusing on client roaming optimization and security protocols for wireless networks.

The issue with duplicate client entries from iOS clients with the private MAC address feature enabled can be resolved by breaking the high availability using the cmxha config disable command and upgrading the primary and secondary individually. This approach allows for each appliance to be upgraded without affecting the high availability pair’s synchronization and operation. References: The solution is supported by best practices for upgrading Cisco appliances in a high availability configuration, as outlined in the CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide.

 Configuring an AVC profile for the Jabber traffic and applying it to the WLAN ensures that voice traffic from Cisco Jabber receives Platinum QoS while keeping other WLAN traffic at Silver class. AVC allows for deep packet inspection which can identify Jabber application packets so they can be given priority over other types of traffic.

For CMX high availability deployment, enabling the virtual IP address of the primary server is critical. This virtual IP facilitates seamless failover to the secondary server without requiring DNS updates or manual intervention, ensuring uninterrupted service during primary server outages. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/wireless/mse/10-6/cmx_config/b_cg_cmx106/managing_cisco_cmx_system_settings.html#task_35253AFE18234DDA8C6E04C297D725F5:~:text=Primary%20and%20Secondary.-,Enabling%20High%20Availability%20for%20Cisco%20CMX%20Using%20the%20Web%20UI,-Procedure

 To connect a Workgroup Bridge (WGB) to a wireless network and authenticate its certificate against a RADIUS server like ISE, the following steps are necessary:

• A. Configure the certificate, WLAN, and radio interface on WGB: This is essential because the WGB needs to have the correct certificate to present to the RADIUS server for authentication. Additionally, the WLAN and radio interface must be configured to ensure proper communication with the wireless network.
• E. Configure WGB as a network device in ISE: By configuring the WGB as a network device within ISE, it becomes a recognized entity that can be authenticated and authorized accordingly.
• F. Configure a policy on ISE to allow devices to connect that validate the certificate: This step ensures that only devices with a validated certificate, such as the WGB, can connect to the network, enhancing security.

 The exhibit provided appears to be a floor map overlay with Cisco CleanAir Zone of Impact for interferers, which shows different areas affected by interference on a wireless network. The area labeled ‘A’ indicates the greatest impact on the wireless network due to its larger size compared with other zones, suggesting more significant interference or a stronger source of interference within this zone. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

The configuration that must be applied in the RADIUS Authentication Settings section from the ISE Network Device page when clients are able to authenticate successfully but the ISE policies designed to place them on different interfaces are not working is to change the CoA Port. The CoA (Change of Authorization) port is used by ISE to send messages to the network device to apply different policies post-authentication. If the CoA port is not correctly configured, the network device will not receive or act upon these messages, resulting in clients not being placed on the correct interfaces as per ISE policies. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

 When a Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) is added to Cisco ISE as a network device for authentication purposes, it is crucial to verify the shared secret configured within the network device settings. The shared secret is used to secure communication between the WLC and ISE, ensuring that the authentication messages are encrypted and authenticated. If the shared secret does not match on both the WLC and ISE, the authentication will fail. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

 In passive fallback mode for RADIUS, when the primary RADIUS server fails, the controller will start using the secondary RADIUS server. The default timer settings include an inactive timer, which, upon expiration, prompts the controller to attempt to send RADIUS requests back to the primary server. If the primary server is responsive, the controller will resume sending requests to it. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

 mDNS has specific restrictions regarding its configuration. Option C is correct because mDNS is not supported on FlexConnect APs with a locally switched WLAN, which limits its deployment in certain network designs. Option D is also correct; the controller software must be newer than version 7.0.6 to support mDNS features, which means that older controller software versions do not have the necessary capabilities to handle mDNS. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

 In FlexConnect deployments with local switching, dynamic VLAN assignments are facilitated by Cisco ISE through the use of specific RADIUS attributes. The Tunnel-Private-Group-ID attribute is essential for communicating the VLAN ID to the access point, which then applies it to the wireless client after successful authentication.

References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

The default NMSP echo interval between Cisco MSE and a Wireless LAN Controller is 15 seconds. This interval determines how frequently the MSE sends echo messages to the WLC to maintain the NMSP connection and ensure that the link is active and operational. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

To change the NTP server on the Cisco CMX server, the administrator should log in to the Cisco CMX CLI and issue the command set ntp server NTP_IP, where NTP_IP is the IP address of the new NTP server. This method is straightforward and does not require manual editing of configuration files or restarting the entire server. References: The process for changing the NTP server on a Cisco CMX server is detailed in the official certification guide, which provides step-by-step instructions for using the CLI.

 In a self-registration setup for guest/BYOD devices, when an employee tries to connect multiple devices simultaneously, the system allows the registration of all devices. However, it restricts the active connection to only one device at a time. This ensures that network resources are not overburdened by a single user connecting multiple devices. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

For the MSE to communicate with the Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) over NMSP when installed on a different network, the necessary configuration is to allow TCP/16113 port on the firewall. NMSP uses TCP port 16113 for its communications, and opening this port on the firewall will enable the MSE and WLC to establish a connection and communicate effectively. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

To establish connectivity between a Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) and Cisco’s Connected Mobile Experiences (CMX) through Network Mobility Services Protocol (NMSP), it is essential to enable NMSP on the WLC, which facilitates communication with location-based services like CMX. Additionally, for secure communication, it is necessary to add the MAC address of the Cisco CMX server to the WLC along with its SSC (Self-Signed Certificate) key, ensuring that both devices can authenticate each other and establish a trusted connection. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) is recommended for managing device access as it provides a more granular level of control over user authentication and authorization than RADIUS. It allows for different levels of access based on user identity by interfacing with external repositories such as Active Directory or LDAP. This protocol helps in distinguishing between different users and assigning appropriate access rights based on their roles within an organization. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

The ‘aaa session-id common’ command is essential when implementing Cisco Identity Based Networking Services (IBNS) with downloadable ACLs on a Cisco Catalyst 3850 Series Switch. This command configures the switch to use a common session identifier for all AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) transactions. This is important for downloadable ACLs because it ensures that the correct policies are applied consistently across different sessions and services.