Get Data-Management-Foundations Dumps : Verified WGU Data Management – Foundations Exam

In SQL, aprimary key is explicitly defined using the PRIMARY KEY keywordwhen creating a table.

Example Usage:

sql

CREATE TABLE Products (

ProductID INT PRIMARY KEY,

Name VARCHAR(100),

Price DECIMAL(10,2)

);

Here,PRIMARY KEY is the SQL keyword that designates ProductID as the primary key.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A (Formula in SQL) (Incorrect):SQLdoes not use formulas to define primary keys.

Option C (Bold typeface) (Incorrect):SQL syntax does not rely on text formatting.

Option D (Diamond symbol) (Incorrect):ER diagramsmight use symbols, but SQLdoes not use diamonds to indicate keys.

Thus, the correct answer isSQL keyword, as primary keys are explicitly defined using PRIMARY KEY.

TheABS()function in SQL returns theabsolute valueof a given number, effectively measuring itsdistance from zero.

Example Usage:

sql

SELECT ABS(-50), ABS(50);

Result:

50 | 50

This function ensures that numbers arealways positive, regardless of their original sign.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A (CONCAT) (Incorrect):Used tocombine strings(not numbers).

Option B (LOWER) (Incorrect):Converts text tolowercase, not numerical operations.

Option C (FROM) (Incorrect):Part of SELECT FROM queries,not a function.

Thus, the correct choice isABS(), which computes the absolute value of a number.

The given diagram represents a unary relationship (also called a recursive relationship), which occurs when an entity is related to itself. In this case, salespersons back each other up, meaning a salesperson is associated with another salesperson from the same entity.

Key Observations from the Diagram:

Single Entity (Salesperson)

The table contains only one entity type, Salesperson, which has attributes such as Salesperson Number, Name, Commission, Percentage, and Year of Hire.

Self-Referencing Relationship (Backs-up and Backed-up by)

The diagram shows that a salesperson can back up another salesperson.

This means that the relationship exists within the same entity rather than between two different entities.

Cardinality (One-to-One Relationship in a Unary Form)

The notation ( |—| ) in the ER diagram indicates a one-to-one recursive relationship.

One salesperson can back up only one other salesperson, and each salesperson is backed up by only one.

TheLTRIM()function in SQL removesleading spaces(spaces at the beginning of a string) while keeping spaces at the end.

Example Usage:

sql

SELECT LTRIM(' Hello World') AS TrimmedText;

Output:

bash

'Hello World'

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option B (LEFT) (Incorrect):Used for extracting a portion of a string. Example:

sql

SELECT LEFT('Hello World', 5); -- Output: 'Hello'

Option C (TRIM) (Incorrect):Removesboth leading and trailing spaces, not just leading ones. Example:

sql

SELECT TRIM(' Hello World '); -- Output: 'Hello World'

Option D (REPLACE) (Incorrect):Replaces occurrences of one substring with another but doesnot specifically remove spaces.

Thus, the correct answer isLTRIM(), which removes onlyleading spaces.

When a VIEW is created in SQL, users mayinsert or updatedata through that view. However, if a row is inserted or updated in such a way that itviolates the conditionof the VIEW’s WHERE clause, it can lead to inconsistencies.

Topreventsuch unwanted modifications,SQL provides the WITH CHECK OPTION clause.

How WITH CHECK OPTION Works:

Ensures thatany new data (INSERT/UPDATE) still fits within the defined constraints of the VIEW.

If a user tries to insert or update a row that would not appear in the VIEW,the operation isrejected.

Example:

sql

CREATE VIEW HighSalaryEmployees AS

SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Salary > 50000

WITH CHECK OPTION;

Now, if someone attempts:

sql

INSERT INTO HighSalaryEmployees (ID, Name, Salary)

VALUES (101, 'Alice', 30000);

Thisfailsbecause 30000 does not satisfy Salary > 50000.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option B (Incorrect):JOIN VIEWS isnot a valid SQL clause.

Option C (Incorrect):MATERIALIZED VIEW refers tostored viewsin some databases, but it doesnotreject incorrect inserts/updates.

Option D (Incorrect):BASE TABLE refers to theoriginal table from which a VIEW is created.

Thus, the correct answer is WITH CHECK OPTION, whichensures that only valid data modifications occur.