HPE6-A85 Practice Exam Questions with Answers Aruba Certified Campus Access Associate Exam Certification

The main characteristic of the 6 GHz band that is true among the given options is that in North America, the 6 GHz band offers more 80 MHz channels than there are 40 MHz channels in the 5 GHz band. This characteristic provides more spectrum availability, less interference, and higher throughput for wireless devices that support Wi-Fi 6E Wi-Fi Enhanced (Wi-Fi 6E) is an extension of Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) standard that operates in the newly available unlicensed frequency spectrum around 6 GHz in addition to existing bands below it. Some facts about this characteristic are:

• In North America, there are up to seven non-overlapping channels available in each of three channel widths (20 MHz, 40 MHz, and 80 MHz) in the entire unlicensed portion of the new spectrum (5925–7125 MHz). This means there are up to 21 non-overlapping channels available for Wi-Fi devices in total.
• In comparison, in North America, there are only nine non-overlapping channels available in each of two channel widths (20 MHz and 40 MHz) in the entire unlicensed portion of the existing spectrum below it (2400–2483 MHz and 5150–5825 MHz). This means there are only up to nine non-overlapping channels available for Wi-Fi devices in total.
• Therefore, in North America, there are more than twice as many non-overlapping channels available in each channel width in the new spectrum than in the existing spectrum below it.
• Specifically, there are more than twice as many non-overlapping channels available at 80 MHz width (seven) than at 40 MHz width (three) in the existing spectrum below it.

The other options are not true because:

• Less RF signal is absorbed by objects in a 6 GHz WLAN: This option is false because higher frequency signals tend to be more absorbed by objects than lower frequency signals due to higher attenuation Attenuation is a general term that refers to any reduction in signal strength during transmission over distance or through an object or medium . Therefore, RF signals in a 6 GHz WLAN would be more absorbed by objects than RF signals in a lower frequency WLAN.
• The 6 GHz band is fully backward compatible with existing bands: This option is false because Wi-Fi devices need to support Wi-Fi 6E standard to operate in the new spectrum around 6 GHz . Existing Wi-Fi devices that do not support Wi-Fi 6Estandard cannot use this spectrum and can only operate in existing bands below it.
• Low Power Devices are allowed for indoor and outdoor usage: This option is false because Low Power Indoor Devices (LPI) are only allowed for indoor usage under certain power limits and registration requirements . Outdoor usage of LPI devices is prohibited by regulatory authorities such as FCC Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of United States government that regulates communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across United States . However, outdoor usage of Very Low Power Devices (VLP) may be allowed under certain power limits and without registration requirements.

References: https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-certified-6e https://www.wi-fi.org/file/wi-fi-alliance-spectrum-needs-study https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/wireless/spectrum-expert-wi-fi/prod_white_paper0900aecd807395a9.html https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/wireless-mobility/wireless-lan-wlan/82068-power-levels.html https://www.wi-fi.org/file/wi-fi-alliance-unlicensed-spectrum-in-the-us

A UXI (User Experience Insight) is a device that simulates user behavior and tests network performance from the user perspective. It can check different applications, such as HTTP, VOIP, or Office 365, and measure metrics such as latency, jitter, packet loss, and throughput. References:https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/networking/user-experience-insight/

EAP-TEAP is a tunnel-based authentication method that supports both device and user authentication within a single RADIUS session. ClearPass 6.9 supports EAP-TEAP as anauthentication method for Windows 10 clients. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ClearPass/6.9/Guest/Content/CPPM_UserGuide/EAP-TEAP/EAP-TEAP.htm

The weakness introduced into WLAN environment when WPA2-Personal is used for security is that PMK Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is a key that is derived from PSK Pre-shared Key (PSK) is a key that is shared between two parties before communication begins , which are both fixed. This means that all users who know PSK can generate PMK without any authentication process. This also means that if PSK or PMK are compromised by an attacker, they can be used to decrypt all traffic encrypted with PTK Pairwise Temporal Key (PTK) is a key that is derived from PMK, ANonce AuthenticatorNonce (ANonce) is a random number generated by an authenticator (a device that controls access to network resources, such as an AP), SNonce Supplicant Nonce (SNonce) is a random number generated by supplicant (a device that wants to access network resources, such as an STA), AA Authenticator Address (AA) is MAC address of authenticator, SA Supplicant Address (SA) is MAC address of supplicant using Pseudo-Random Function (PRF). PTK consists of four subkeys: KCK Key Confirmation Key (KCK) is used for message integrity check, KEK Key Encryption Key (KEK) is used for encryption key distribution, TK Temporal Key (TK) is used for data encryption, MIC Message Integrity Code (MIC) key. .

The other options are not weaknesses because:

• It uses X 509 certificates generated by a Certification Authority: This option is false because WPA2-Personal does not use X 509 certificates or Certification Authority for authentication. X 509 certificates and Certification Authority are used in WPA2-Enterprise mode, which uses 802.1X and EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an authentication framework that provides support for multiple authentication methods, such as passwords, certificates, tokens, or biometrics. EAP is used in wireless networks and point-to-point connections to provide secure authentication between a supplicant (a device that wants to access the network) and an authentication server (a device that verifies the credentials of the supplicant). for user authentication with a RADIUS server Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is a network protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) management for users who connect and use a network service .
• The Pairwise Temporal Key (PTK) is specific to each session: This option is false because PTK being specific to each session is not a weakness but a strength of WPA2-Personal. PTK being specific to each session means that it changes periodically during communication based on time or number of packets transmitted. This prevents replay attacks and increases security of data encryption.
• It does not use the WPA 4-Way Handshake: This option is false because WPA2-Personal does use the WPA 4-Way Handshake for key negotiation. The WPA 4-Way Handshake is a process that allows the station and the access point to exchange ANonce and SNonce and derive PTK from PMK. The WPA 4-Way Handshake also allows the station and the access point to verify each other’s PMK and confirm the installation of PTK.

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access#WPA_key_hierarchy_and_management https://www.cwnp.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/WPA2.pdf

Manual provisioning is a method to add switches to Aruba Central without using DHCP or DNS. It requires the user to enter the switch serial number, MAC address, and activation code in Aruba Central, and then configure the switch with the same activation code and Aruba Central’s IP address. References:https://help.central.arubanetworks.com/latest/documentation/online_help/content/devices/switches/provisioning/manual-provisioning.htm

OAlOps is a feature of Aruba Central that uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to identify recommended steps to resolve network health issues and allows you to share detailed information with support personnel. OAlOps provides insights into network performance, root cause analysis, anomaly detection, proactive alerts, and automated remediation actions.OAlOps also integrates with Aruba User Experience Insight (UXI) sensors to measure and improve user experience across wired and wireless networks. References:https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/ds/DS_ArubaCentral.pdf

Aruba AirMatch is a feature that optimizes RF Radio Frequency. RF is any frequency within the electromagnetic spectrum associated with radio wave propagation. When an RF current is supplied to an antenna, an electromagnetic field is created that then is able to propagate through space. performance and user experience by using machine learning algorithms and historical data to dynamically adjust AP power levels, channel assignments, and channel width. AirMatch performs live firmware upgrades on Aruba APs by partitioning all the APs based on RFneighborhood data and minimizing the impact on clients. AirMatch uses a rolling upgrade process that upgrades one partition at a time while ensuring that adjacent partitions are not upgraded simultaneously. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/ds/DS_AirMatch.pdf https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/arm/AirMatch.htm

Bonding multiple 20MHz wide 802.11 channels is a technique to create a wider bandwidth channel that supports higher data rate transmissions. It can increase the throughput between the client and AP by using more spectrum resources and reducing interference. References:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9288995

The correct way to configure the routable interface for the subnet to be associated with this VLAN is to create an SVI Switched Virtual Interface (SVI) Switched Virtual Interface (SVI) is a virtual interface on a switch that represents a VLAN and provides Layer 3 routing functions for that VLAN . SVIs are used to enable inter-VLAN routing , provide gateway addresses for hosts in VLANs , apply ACLs or QoS policies to VLANs , etc . SVIs have some advantages over physical routed interfaces such as saving interface ports , reducing cable costs , simplifying network design , etc . SVIs are usually numbered according to their VLAN IDs (e.g., vlan 10) and assigned IP addresses within the subnet of their VLANs . SVIs can be created and configured by using commands such as interface vlan , ip address , no shutdown , etc . SVIs can be verified by using commands such as show ip interface brief , show vlan , show ip route , etc . in the subnet on the 6300M stack. An SVI is a virtual interface on a switch that represents a VLAN and provides Layer 3 routing functions for that VLAN. Creating an SVI in the subnet on the 6300M stack allows the switch to act as a gateway for the users in that VLAN and enable inter-VLAN routing between different subnets. Creating an SVI in the subnet on the 6300M stack also simplifies network design and management by reducing the number of physical interfaces and cables required for routing.

The other options are not correct ways to configure the routable interface for the subnet to be associated with this VLAN because:

• Create a physically routed interface in the subnet on the 6300M stack for each downstream switch: This option is incorrect because creating a physically routedinterface in the subnet on the 6300M stack for each downstream switch would require using one physical port and cable per downstream switch, which would consume interface resources and increase cable costs. Creating a physically routed interface in the subnet on the 6300M stack for each downstream switch would also complicate network design and management by requiring separate routing configurations and policies for each interface.
• Create an SVl in the subnet on each downstream switch: This option is incorrect because creating an SVI in the subnet on each downstream switch would not enable inter-VLAN routing between different subnets, as each downstream switch would act as a gateway for its own VLAN only. Creating an SVI in the subnet on each downstream switch would also create duplicate IP addresses in the same subnet, which would cause IP conflicts and routing errors.
• Create an SVl in the subnet on the 6300M stack, and assign the management address of each downstream switch stack to a different IP address in the same subnet: This option is incorrect because creating an SVI in the subnet on the 6300M stack, and assigning the management address of each downstream switch stack to a different IP address in the same subnet would not enable inter-VLAN routing between different subnets, as each downstream switch would still act as a gateway for its own VLAN only. Creating an SVI in the subnet on the 6300M stack, and assigning the management address of each downstream switch stack to a different IP address in the same subnet would also create unnecessary IP addresses in the same subnet, which would waste IP space and complicate network management.

References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.05/HTML/5200-7295/index.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.05/HTML/5200-7295/cx-noscg/l3-routing/l3-routing-overview.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.05/HTML/5200-7295/cx-noscg/l3-routing/l3-routing-config.htm

When using an Aruba standalone AP, selecting “Native VLAN” for the Client VLAN Assignment means that the clients will get their IP addresses from the same subnet as the access point’s IP address. This is because the access point acts as a DHCP server for the clients in this mode. References:https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/Instant_86_WebHelp/Content/instant-ug/iap-dhcp/iap-dhcp.htm

Aruba’s Captive Portal uses Layer 3 authentication, which means that it intercepts the client’s HTTP requests and redirects them to a web page where the client can enter their credentials. The credentials are then verified by a RADIUS server or a local database before granting network access. References:https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/Instant_86_WebHelp/Content/instant-ug/captive-portal/captive-portal-auth.htm

• Proves knowledge of the PMK
• Exchanges messages for generating PTK
• Distributes an encrypted GTK to the client
• Sets first initialization vector (IV)

The signal to noise ratio (SNR) is a measure that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. SNR is defined as the ratio of signal power to the noise power, often expressed in decibels (dB). A high SNR means that the signal is clear and easy to detect or interpret, while a low SNR means that the signal is corrupted or obscured by noise and may be difficult to distinguish or recover3. To calculate the SNR in dB, we can use the following formula:

SNR (dB) = Signal power (dBm) - Noise power (dBm)

In this question, we are given that the noise floor measures -90 dBm (0.000000001 milliwatts) and the receiver’s signal strength is -65 dBm (0.000316 milliwatts). Therefore, we can plug these values into the formula and get:

SNR (dB) = -65 dBm - (-90 dBm) SNR (dB) = -65 dBm + 90 dBm SNR (dB) = 25 dBm

Therefore, the correct answer is that the SNR is 25 dBm.

References: 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio