NS0-155 Practice Exam Questions with Answers Data ONTAP 7-Mode Administrator Certification

All data, whether file or block-based, resides in 4KB blocks on disk. A group of related blocks make up a file. To accommodate different file sizes, the WAFL filesystem describes each file with reference pointers called inodes.

https://communities.netapp.com/servlet/JiveServlet/previewBody/5027-102-1-6953/PS%20Tech%20Note%20018%20-%20maxfiles.pdf

You can export any file path. Implicitly file paths are filesystem objects. You can export a directory, a qtree, a volume or even a file.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI_initiator_and_target

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196986/html/GUID-E5AD37DE-2F44-47DB-90A3-C8E115FCBFB7.html

SnapVault replicates at the file level not the block level.

Deduplication is always a post-processed activity for Data OnTap, while compression is an inline process.

The deduplication schedule depends on the SnapVault update schedule on the destination system.

A new Snapshot copy replaces the archival Snapshot copy after deduplication finishes running on the destination system. (The name of this new Snapshot copy is the same as that of the archival copy, but the Snapshot copy uses a new timestamp, which is the creation time.)

The SnapVault update recognizes the deduplicated blocks as changed blocks. Thus, when deduplication is run on an existing SnapVault source for the first time, all saved space is transferred to the destination system.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196979/html/man1/na_sysstat.1.html

sysstat reports aggregated filer performance statistics such as the current CPU utilization, the amount of network I/O, the amount of disk I/O, and the amount of tape I/O.

http://www.ntapgeek.com/2011/03/netapp-storage-encryption-available.html

March, 2011: "With the recent release of Data ONTAP 8.0.1, NetApp now offers full disk encryption to prevent unauthorized access to data at rest."

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196979/html/man1/na_snapmirror.1.html

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196979/html/man5/na_snapmirror.conf.5.html

snapmirror update [ -S source ] [ -k kilobytes ] [ -s src_snap ] [ -c

create_dest_snap ] [ -w ] destination

For asynchronous mirrors, an update is immediately started from the source to the destination to update the mirror with the contents of the source.

For synchronous mirrors, a snapshot is created on the source volume which becomes visible to clients of the destination volume.

The snapmirror update command must be issued on the destination filer.

snapmirror release source { filer:volume | filer:qtree }

Tell SnapMirror that a certain direct mirror is no longer going to request updates.

If a certain destination is no longer going to request updates, you must tell SnapMirror so that it will no longer retain a snapshot for that destination. This command will remove snapshots that are no longer needed for replication to that destination, and can be used to clean up SnapMirror-created snapshots after snapmirror break is issued on the destination side.

The source argument is the source volume or qtree that the destination is to be released from. The destination argument should be either the destination filer and destination volume name or the destination filer and destination qtree path. You can use a line from the output of the snapmirror destinations command as the set of arguments to this command. The /etc/snapmirror.conf file exists on the node containing the mirror used for SnapMirror.

https://communities.netapp.com/groups/chris-kranz-hardware-pro/blog/2009/03/05/fractional-reservation--lunoverwrite

From the article:

"If you reduce the Fractional Reservation to 0, you need to make sure the rate of change is within the volume size, or you need to make sure the volume can auto-grow when required or even snap auto-delete to reduce the reserved blocks and free up space (although I am not a huge fan of snap auto-delete for various reasons)."

http://www.ntapgeek.com/2011/12/how-in-place-expansion-works.html

To upgrade an aggregate in-place, the only available method is to add disks to expand the aggregate to >16TB.

http://www.netapp.com/us/system/pdf-reader.aspx?m=ds-3177-0512.pdf &cc=us

http://www.netapp.com/us/products/platform-os/flashpool.aspx

Flash Pool utilizes SSDs to enhance performance of disk aggregates.

Flash Cache is a controller-attached PCIe intelligent caching solution.

Flash Accel is a host-attached caching solution.

Flash Disk and Flash IO are ambiguous terms.

https://communities.netapp.com/servlet/JiveServlet/previewBody/9734-102-1-17848/PDF_Tips_Data_Motion_0211.pdf

Non-disruptive Volume Movement is called DataMotion. DataMotion uses SnapMirror for volume migration.

A DataMotion migration occurs in three phases:

1. Setup

2. Data copy

3. Cutover

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipath_I/O

Fiber Channel (FC), FCoE and iSCSI encapsulate SCSI-3. FCoE and iSCSI further encapsulate the transport within IP; hence the term IP SAN.

In computer storage, multipath I/O is a fault-tolerance and performance enhancement technique whereby there is more than one physical path between the CPU in a computer system and its mass storage devices through the buses, controllers, switches, and bridge devices connecting them.

A simple example would be a SCSI disk connected to two SCSI controllers on the same computer or a disk connected to two Fibre Channel ports. Should one controller, port or switch fail, the operating system can route I/O through the remaining controller transparently to the application, with no changes visible to the applications, other than perhaps incremental latency.

http://www.netapp.com/us/system/pdf-reader.aspx?m=ds-3366.pdf &cc=us

Flash Accel utilizes server-based flash storage as cache for the host.

http://scst.sourceforge.net/mc_s.html

http://www.alacritech.com/legacypdf/iSCSI_Multiple_Connections.pdf

Meme: Remember the acronym: MCS or MC/S - Multiple Connections per Session. Microsoft Windows 2008's MPIO driver supports MC/S.

* Unix-like operating systems identify users within the kernel by an unsigned integer value called a user identifier, often abbreviated to UID or User ID. The range of UID values varies amongst different systems; at the very least, a UID represents a 15-bit integer, ranging between 0 and

The UID value references users in the /etc/passwd file. Shadow password files and Network Information Service also refer to numeric UIDs. The user identifier has become a necessary component of Unix file systems and processes.

* In POSIX-compliant environments the command-line command id gives the user's user identifier number as well as more information on the user account like the user name, primary user group and group identifier (GID).

* Files and directories are owned by a user. The owner determines the file's owner class. Distinct permissions apply to the owner.

Files and directories are assigned a group, which define the file's group class. Distinct permissions apply to members of the file's group members. The owner may be a member of the file's group.

Users who are not the owner, nor a member of the group, comprise a file's others class. Distinct permissions apply to others.

The effective permissions are determined based on the user's class. For example, the user who is the owner of the file will have the permissions given to the owner class regardless of the permissions assigned to the group class or others class.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196890/html/man5/na_exports.5.html

IP addresses and wildcards can be used when specifying host targets in exports.

User names are not valid exports options, save for the anon option which utilizes a local system UID or user name (i.e. no user name mapping or resolution is performed.)

The highest level in the filesystem that can be specified for an export is the volume level. Implicitly this means that each volume must be exported separately.

An export provides access to paths below the export, implying that multiple paths on the same volume can be exported from an export.

http://backdrift.org/man/netapp/man1/na_sysstat.1.html

sysstat [ -c count ] [ -s ] [ -u | -x | -m | -f | -i | -b ] [ -d ] [ interval ]

-f For the default format display FCP statistics.

The FCP default output format is as follows:

CPU NFS CIFS FCP Net kB/s Disk kB/s FCP kB/s Cache

in out read write in out age

###% ##### ##### ##### ##### ##### ##### ##### ##### ##### >##

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196890/html/man1/na_ifstat.1.html

ifstat - display device-level statistics for network interfaces

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196991/html/GUID-35C9A4BA-02BA-4965-A366-698C1299E29D.html

You can restore a file only to the volume where it was originally located. The directory structure to which a file is to be restored must be the same as that specified in the path. If this directory structure does not exist, you must create it before restoring the file.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196991/html/GUID-35C9A4BA-02BA-4965-A366-698C1299E29D.html

Reverting a file to a selected Snapshot copy

Using snap restore to revert a single file to a selected Snapshot copy is practical when the file is so large that you cannot copy the previous file version from the Snapshot copy to the active file system.

Before you begin Ensure that you notify the network users before reverting a file so that they know that the current data in the file will be replaced by that of the selected Snapshot copy.

Note: NFS users who try to access a reverted file without first reopening it might get a stale file handle error message after the volume reversion.

Section: OnTap Administration

Explanation

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196890/html/man1/na_stats.1.html

https://communities.netapp.com/servlet/JiveServlet/previewBody/18684-102-5-34635/TR4090PerformanceAdvisorFeatures%26Diagnosis.pdf

https://communities.netapp.com/groups/chris-kranz-hardware-pro/blog/2009/04/01/performance-stats-withoutperfstat-or-ops-mgr

Note in the diagram below how the performance tools integration with Data OnTap. statit and sysstat interface directly with the performance counters while the other tools - including stats, a command line tool -integrate with the Counter Manager.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196890/html/man1/na_iscsi.1.html

iscsi security show

Display the default authentication and all the initiator specific authentication information.

Hint: Remember that the iscsi command is mostly structured "iscsi noun verb", unlike the fcp command which is structure "fcp verb noun". Example: iscsi initiator show, fcp show initiator.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196889/html/GUID-4B97B80F-D208-4154-95BF-D7FF9F5BEE11.html

A volume SnapMirror relationship is not allowed between two SnapLock Compliance volumes if the destination volume has unexpired files.

This question implies that there is an issue with the clustering of the two controllers. Since this is the case you will want to run the cluster configuration checker to identify and resolve any issues.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMM1278349/html/upgrade/upgrading/concept/c_oc_upg_b4_active2.html

pktt is part of the Data OnTap command set.

The output of pktt is not very human-readable, but it utilizes the tcpdump format which many traffic analyzers can read or import. Only two such analyzers have been offered here.

Wireshark is the successor of Etherreal, and available for several platforms. Netmon is a Microsoft project, available for Windows, soon to be deprecated by the Microsoft Message Analyzer project.

http://www.wafl.co.uk/cf/

http://wafl.co.uk/options/

Negotiated failover is a general facility which supports negotiated failover on the basis of decisions made by various modules.

cf.takeover.on_disk_shelf_miscompare

This option allows negotiated takeover to be enabled when the cluster nodes detect a mismatch in disk shelf count. By default, this option is set to off.

This option is available only when cluster is licensed and changing the value on one filer automatically changes the value on the partner filer.

Sadly, you cannot convert a LUN into a Vulcan Language Dictionary.

Operations Manager, Protection Manager and Provisioning Manager are all core products of the Unified Manager Platform suite.

http://www.netapp.com/us/system/pdf-reader.aspx?m=tr-3786.pdf &cc=us

http://wafl.co.uk/ndmpcopy/

Because volume SnapMirror works at the block level, the source and destination must both be FlexVol volumes in the same aggregate type. The source and destination of a volume SnapMirror relationship must either both be FlexVol volumes in 32-bit aggregates or both be FlexVol volumes in 64-bit aggregates.

Therefore you cannot create a volume SnapMirror relationship from a FlexVol volume in a 32-bit aggregate to a FlexVol volume in a 64-bit aggregate or vice versa.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196979/html/man1/na_igroup.1.html

igroup show [ -v ] [ initiator_group ] Displays the nodes in an initiator group and their aliases, set with the fcp wwpnalias command. If no initiator_group is specified, the members of all initiator groups are displayed. You can use the -v option to get a verbose listing.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196979/html/man1/na_lun.1.html

lun show [ -v | -m | -c ] [ all | mapped | offline | online | unmapped | staging |

-g initiator_group | -n node | -l vol_name | lun_path ] Displays the status (lun_path, size, online/offline state, shared state) of the given LUN or class of LUNs. With the -v option supplied, additional information (comment string, serial number, LUN mapping, HA Pair Shared Volume Information) is also displayed. With the -m option supplied, information about lun_path to initiator_group mappings is displayed in a table format. With the -c option supplied, information about LUN cloning status is displayed.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196889/html/GUID-8ACE3CAB-D338-4AFC-A530-0D0FEC3B9F94.html

The snaplock command manages compliance related functionality on the system. A volume created using the vol command (see na_vol(1)) is a snaplock volume when either the enterprise or compliance option is chosen.

Enterprise and compliance SnapLock volumes allow different levels of security assurance.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196889/html/GUID-D4533C47-441D-41AB-A8A2-272A2BFC431C.html

SnapLock operates fundamentally at the file level.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196991/html/GUID-DB31E1F4-60A8-4F34-A1C4-8F79754E4DE2.html

You use the snapvault restore command to restore a backed-up qtree saved to the secondary system. Starting with Data ONTAP 7.3, you can restore the data to an existing qtree on the primary system using baseline restore or incremental restore.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196991/html/GUID-06C70D3B-9A06-4D20-B140-EB147B941BDA.html

The data structures that are backed up and restored through SnapVault depend on the primary system.

On systems running Data ONTAP, the qtree is the basic unit of SnapVault backup and restore.

SnapVault backs up specified qtrees on the primary system to associated qtrees on the SnapVault secondary system. If necessary, data is restored from the secondary qtrees back to their associated primary qtrees.

On open systems storage platforms, the directory is the basic unit of SnapVault backup. SnapVault backs up specified directories from the native system to specified qtrees in the SnapVault secondary system.

If necessary SnapVault can restore an entire directory or a specified file to the open systems platform.

The destination system uses a slightly more disk space and directories than the source system.

In an active volume SnapMirror relationship, the size of the source and destination file systems is identical.

However, the size of the destination volume can be larger than or equal to the size of the source volume. The size of the file systems must be identical to allow the source to be restored from the destination.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196991/html/GUID-DE5EE692-81CF-4569-A703-00B4E283CE99.html

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196890/html/man1/na_aggr.1.html

aggr destroy { aggrname | plexname } [ -f ]

Destroys the aggregate named aggrname, or the plex named plexname. Note that if the specified aggregate is tied to a traditional volume, then the traditional volume itself is destroyed as well.

If an aggregate is specified, all plexes in the aggregate are destroyed. The named aggregate must also not contain any flexible volumes, regardless of their mount state (online, restricted, or offline). If a plex is specified, the plex is destroyed, leaving an unmirrored aggregate or traditional volume containing the remaining plex.

Before destroying the aggregate, traditional volume or plex, the user is prompted to confirm the operation. The -f flag can be used to destroy an aggregate, traditional volume or plex without prompting the user.

The disks originally in the destroyed object become spare disks. Only offline aggregates, traditional volumes and plexes can be destroyed.

Volume SnapMirror operates at the physical block level. It replicates the contents of an entire volume, including all Snapshot copies, plus all volume attributes verbatim from a source (primary) volume to a target (secondary) volume. Implicitly, the destination volume will be the same as the source volume. Since C is incorrect, A & B must be correct.

Qtree snapmirror operates at the logical level, so it is unimportant that the destination system has a different volume configuration.

ndmpcopy is similarly operating with data already read from the volume and so the destination volume type is not a consideration.

http://www.netapp.com/us/system/pdf-reader.aspx?m=tr-3786.pdf &cc=us

The command to create a 64-bit aggregate is the same aggr create command that is present in Data ONTAP 7G for aggregate creation. The aggr create command has a new flag, -B, to specify the type of aggregate to create. It takes a value of either 32 or 64 and creates the respective type of aggregate. Therefore the aggr create command with -B 64 creates a 64-bit aggregate. The aggr create command without the -B flag by default creates a 32-bit aggregate.

Here are some commands for creating different aggregate types in Data ONTAP 8.0:

Creating a 64-bit aggregate:

aggr create aggr_64 -B 64 5

Creating a 32-bit aggregate using –B flag:

aggr create aggr_32 -B 32 5

Creating a 32-bit aggregate without using –B flag:

aggr create default_aggr_32 5

Note: the man pages do not include this option in later versions of DOT because 64-bit is now the default.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196979/html/man1/na_lun.1.html

lun show [ -v | -m | -c ] [ all | mapped | offline | online | unmapped | staging

| -g initiator_group | -n node | -l vol_name | lun_path ]

Displays the status (lun_path, size, online/offline state, shared state) of the given LUN or class of LUNs. With the -v option supplied, additional information (comment string, serial number, LUN mapping, HA Pair Shared Volume Information) is also displayed. With the -m option supplied, information about lun_path to initiator_group mappings is displayed in a table format. With the -c option supplied, information about LUN cloning status is displayed.

A specific LUN can be indicated by supplying its lun_path. When an initiator_group is specified, status is reported for all LUNs that are mapped to the initiator group. When a node is specified, status is reported for all LUNs that are mapped to initiator groups which contain that node. When staging is specified, information about the temporary LUNs preserved in the staging area is reported. When vol_name is specified, status is reported for all the LUNs in that volume.

Mapped LUNs are ones with at least one map definition. A LUN is online if it has not been explicitly made offline using the lun offline command.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196979/html/man1/na_fcp.1.html

fcp show adapter [ -v ] [ adapter ]

If no adapter name is given, information about all adapters are shown.

This command displays information such as nodename/portname and link state about the adapter.

If the -v flag is given, this command displays additional information about the adapters.

If a scheduled transfer fails (for example, due to network failure), SnapMirror automatically retries the transfer the next minute.

http://hd.kvsconsulting.us/netappdoc/733docs/html/ontap/onlinebk/GUID-511EAA86-069A-42E8-B62E-3168C7F0A83D.html

SyncMirror is essentially a RAID-1 mirror; hence the name. The best practice is to mirror storage of equal performance; i.e. identical RAID groups and disk sizes (number of spindles, IOPS). If you were to mirror two storage devices of different performance, the slower device would be the limiting factor.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196890/html/man1/na_stats.1.html

http://backdrift.org/man/netapp/man5/na_stats_preset.5.html

Data ONTAP provides some XML files that output a predetermined set of statistics that you can use without having to construct a script or type in a complicated command on the command line.

The preset files are located in the /etc/stats/preset directory. To use a preset file, you add -p filename to your stats show or stats stop command line. You can also add counters on the command line. If any options you specify on the command line conflict with the preset file, your command line options take precedence.

You can also create your own preset files.

Aggregates are never converted as part of an upgrade. An upgrade will not touch your data!

Add a new backup user to the Backup Operators useradmin group list. Enter the following command:

useradmin user add backupuser -g "Backup Operators"

Generate an NDMP password for the new user. Enter the following command:

ndmpd password backupuser

The NDMP password is used to authenticate the NetBackup media server to the storage system. This password is required for setup on the NetBackup management station.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMM1278284/html/onlinebk/5snapv37.htm

To convert an asynchronous SnapMirror relationship to a synchronous SnapMirror relationship, on the administration host, edit the snapmirror.conf file on the destination system to change the schedule to sync.

https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMP1196991/html/GUID-A78BDBC9-610B-4555-A2DE-CE6861D92614.html

http://backdrift.org/man/netapp/man1/na_quota.1.html

User and group quotas do not apply to the root user or to the Windows Administrator account; tree quotas, however, do apply even to root and the Windows Administrator account.

All the network ports should be assigned correct port roles, and all the network ports should be in the same subnet.

https://library.netapp.com/ecm/ecm_download_file/ECMP1196907