1z0-1084-23 Practice Exam Questions with Answers Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 2023 Developer Professional Certification

Explanation

The three OCI services that can be leveraged to securely store and version your application's source code, and automate the building, testing, and deployment of applications to the OCI platform are: DevOps: OCI provides a comprehensive set of DevOps services, including Oracle Developer Cloud Service, which allows you to manage source code repositories, automate builds and testing, and streamline the deployment process. Container Engine for Kubernetes: OCI's Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) enables you to deploy and manage containerized applications using Kubernetes. It provides a scalable and reliable platform for automating the deployment of your applications. Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry: OCI Registry is a fully managed, private container registry that allows you to securely store and manage Docker images. It integrates with other OCI services, such as Container Engine for Kubernetes, to facilitate seamless deployment and orchestration of containerized applications. These services combined provide the necessary tools and infrastructure to support continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) workflows, enabling efficient and automated application development and deployment processes in the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure environment.

Explanation

The necessary configuration to provide access to a private repository in OCI Registry (OCIR) from OCI Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) is to create a docker-registry secret for OCIR with an identity Auth Token on the cluster and specify the imagePullSecret property in the application deployment manifest. Here's the breakdown of the steps: Create a docker-registry secret for OCIR with an identity Auth Token: In order to authenticate with the private repository in OCIR, you need to create a secret in your OKE cluster that contains the necessary credentials. This can be done by generating an identity Auth Token from the OCI Console and creating a secret in the cluster using the kubectl command. Specify the imagePullSecret property in the application deployment manifest: In your application's deployment manifest (such as a Kubernetes Deployment or StatefulSet YAML file), you need to include the imagePullSecret property and specify the name of the secret you created in the previous step. This allows the OKE cluster to use the credentials from the secret to pull the docker image from the private repository in OCIR during deployment. By following these steps, you can ensure that your OKE cluster has the necessary access to the private repository in OCIR, and your application can successfully pull the required docker image during deployment.

Explanation

The correct options are: A configured OCI API signing key pair: The API signing key pair is used for authentication and authorization to access OCI resources, including the OKE cluster. The private key should be configured on your local machine to authenticate API requests. An SSH key pair with the public key added to the cluster worker nodes: This is required for secure SSH access to the worker nodes in the OKE cluster. You need to generate an SSH key pair and add the public key to the cluster's worker node pool during cluster creation or update. Therefore, the correct options are having a configured OCI API signing key pair and an SSH key pair with the public key added to the cluster worker nodes.

OCI API Gateway supports the following authentication methods for accessing an API deployment3:

• HTTP Basic: The client sends a username and password with each request. The credentials are validated against a user database in Oracle Identity Cloud Service (IDCS).
• API Key: The client sends an API key with each request. The API key is validated against a list of keys stored in IDCS or OCI Vault.
• OAuth: The client obtains an access token from an authorization server (such as IDCS) and sends it with each request. The access token is validated against the authorization server and optionally checked for required scopes.
• JWT Token: The client obtains a JSON Web Token (JWT) from an identity provider (such as IDCS or OCI IAM) and sends it with each request. The JWT is validated against the identity provider’s public key and optionally checked for required claims. SAML Token is not a valid authentication method for accessing an OCI API Gateway deployment. SAML is an XML-based standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between different parties, such as a service provider and an identity provider4. SAML tokens are typically used for web browser single sign-on (SSO) scenarios, not for API access4.

Explanation

The correct answer is: Controlling access to the backend OCI resources. OCI API Gateway does not provide direct control over access to backend OCI resources. It primarily focuses on managing and securing access to APIs exposed through the gateway. The gateway acts as a front-end for APIs and provides features such as authentication, authorization, rate limiting, and CORS support. While you can configure authentication and authorization policies, limit the number of requests, and enable CORS support in OCI API Gateway, it does not directly control access to backend OCI resources. Access to backend resources is typically managed through other means, such as IAM policies, network security rules, or resource-specific access controls.

An Ingress Controller is a Kubernetes resource that provides advanced routing and load balancing for your applications running on a Kubernetes cluster1. An Ingress Controller allows you to define rules that specify how to route traffic to different services in your cluster based on the host name or path of the incoming request1. By deploying an Ingress Controller and using it to expose multiple application endpoints, you can achieve the following benefits1:

• Cost-effectiveness: You only need to create one load balancer instance per cluster, instead of one per service, which reduces the cost of exposing your applications.
• Simplicity: You only need to manage one set of routing rules for all your services, instead of configuring each service separately, which simplifies the application deployment and maintenance.
• Flexibility: You can use different types of Ingress Controllers, such as NGINX or Traefik, that offer various features and customization options for your routing needs.

Explanation

The correct answers are: Amount of RAM used by a function: Oracle Functions collects and reports the amount of memory (RAM) used by a function during its execution. This metric helps in monitoring and optimizing the resource consumption of functions. Length of time a function runs: Oracle Functions captures and provides the duration of function executions. This metric allows you to track the performance and responsiveness of your functions and identify any potential bottlenecks or delays. These metrics provide valuable insights into the resource utilization and performance of your functions, enabling you to monitor and optimize their behavior in the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) environment.

Explanation

The correct answer is: "Edit the tenancy global retention policy." To ensure that container images never get deleted from the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry (OCIR), you should edit the tenancy global retention policy. The tenancy global retention policy is a setting that determines the retention behavior for all the images in the OCIR across the entire tenancy. By editing this policy, you can define the retention behavior that suits your requirements. To edit the tenancy global retention policy, you would typically perform the following steps: Access the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Console and navigate to the OCIR service. Go to the "Policies" section or "Settings" section in the OCIR service. Locate the tenancy global retention policy settings. Modify the retention policy to specify the desired retention behavior. In this case, you would set the policy to retain all images, ensuring they are never deleted from the repository. By setting the global policy of image retention to "Retain All Images," you can ensure that the container images in your OCIRrepository are permanently retained and not subject to deletion based on any default or automatic retention rules. The other options mentioned are not directly related to ensuring that container images are never deleted from the repository: Creating a group and assigning a policy to perform lifecycle operations on images or writing a policy to limit access to the specific repository in your compartment are access control measures and do not address the retention of images. Setting the global policy of image retention to "Retain All Images" is the correct action to achieve the desired outcome of preventing image deletion from the repository.

Explanation

The correct answer is: Enable monitoring for all worker nodes in the cluster. Enabling monitoring for all worker nodes in the cluster is not required to collect and parse application logs using Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Logging. Monitoring is a separate feature that allows you to collect metrics and monitor the health and performance of the worker nodes. To collect and parse application logs, you need to perform the following tasks: Set the OCI Logging option to Enabled for the cluster: This enables the OCI Logging service for the cluster. Create a dynamic group with a rule that includes all worker nodes in the cluster: This helps in targeting the logs generated by the worker nodes. Configure a custom log in OCI Logging with the appropriate agent configuration: This involves specifying the log source, log path, and log format to parse and collect the application logs. By completing these tasks, you can collect and parse the application logs generated by the applications running on the worker node compute instances in the OKE cluster.

An action is a response that you define for the rule to perform when the filter finds a matching event1. The action type specifies the service that you want to invoke by delivering the event message1. The following action types are available in OCI Events rule definition1:

• Streaming: Send to a stream from Oracle Streaming Service.
• Notifications: Send to an Oracle Notification Service topic.
• Functions: Send to an Oracle Functions Service endpoint. Email is not a valid action type for OCI Events rule definition. To send an email as an action, you need to use the Notifications service and subscribe to a topic with an email protocol2.

Explanation

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) API Gateway supports various backend-types to handle incoming requests and route them to the appropriate backend service. However, "ORACLE_STREAMS_BACKEND" is not a valid backend-type in OCI API Gateway. "STOCK_RESPONSE_BACKEND" is a valid backend-type that allows you to configure static responses directly in the API Gateway without routing requests to any specific backend service. This can be useful for handling simple requests or returning predefined responses. "HTTP BACKEND" is another valid backend-type that enables routing requests to an HTTP backend service. "ORACLE_FUNCTIONS_BACKEND" is a valid backend-type that allows you to route requests to Oracle Functions, which are serverless functions that can be used to execute specific logic or operations. However, "ORACLE_STREAMS_BACKEND" is not a valid backend-type in OCI API Gateway. The API Gateway does not have native support for Oracle Streams as a backend service. Oracle Streams is a feature of Oracle Database that provides a publish-subscribe mechanism for data replication and distribution within an Oracle Database environment. It is not directly integrated as a backend service in OCI API Gateway.

Explanation

The two true statements for serverless computing and serverless architectures are: Applications running on a FaaS (Functions as a Service) platform: Serverless architectures typically involve running code in the form of functions on a serverless platform. These functions are event-driven and executed in response to specific triggers or events. Serverless function execution is fully managed by a third party: In serverless computing, the cloud provider takes care of the infrastructure management and resource provisioning. The execution of serverless functions is handled automatically by the platform, relieving developers from the responsibility of managing servers orinfrastructure. It's important to note that long running tasks are not typically suited for serverless architectures due to the event-driven nature of serverless functions. Also, while serverless functions may have state, it is recommended to avoid external storage dependencies and instead leverage stateless functions whenever possible. Additionally, scaling in serverless architectures is typically handled automatically by the platform, rather than being the responsibility of the application DevOps team.

Explanation

The valid OKE cluster network configuration that meets the requirement of having the least attack surface while still allowing direct access to the deployed applications from the Internet is: Private subnets for nodes and the Kubernetes API endpoint; public subnets for load balancers. By placing the nodes and the Kubernetes API endpoint in private subnets, they are not directly accessible from the Internet, reducing the attack surface. The load balancers, on the other hand, are placed in public subnets, allowing them to be accessed from the Internet and serve as the entry point for accessing the deployed applications. This configuration ensures that the critical components of the cluster, such as the nodes and the API endpoint, are protected within the private network, while still providing accessibility to the applications through the load balancers. It helps to enhance security by limiting direct access to the internal components of the cluster while maintaining the availability of the deployed applications.

Explanation

The correct answer is: "Tightly coupled." Tightly coupling is not a criterion that is usually met by a microservice. In fact, microservices are designed to be loosely coupled. Loosely coupling refers to reducing dependencies and minimizing the direct interactions between different components or services. Microservices promote independence and autonomy, allowing each service to operate independently without being tightly bound to other services. The other options listed are criteria that are typically met by microservices: Organized around business capabilities: Microservices architecture suggests designing services around specific business capabilities or functionalities. This allows for focused and specialized services that align with the organization's business needs. Independently deployable: Microservices are designed to be independently deployable units. Each microservice can be developed, tested, and deployed separately, without impacting other services. This enables agility and scalability in the deployment process. Highly maintainable: Microservices are often designed to be highly maintainable. They are smaller in scope and focused on specific tasks, making it easier to manage and maintain individual services. Additionally, microservices can be updated, patched, or replaced without affecting the entire system, facilitating easier maintenance and evolution of the application. Therefore, the criterion that is NOT typically met by a microservice is being tightly coupled.

Explanation

The correct approach to receive an email each time a Terraform action begins in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Resource Manager without writing any code is as follows: Create an OCI Notification topic and email subscription with the destination email address. This will define the email delivery configuration. Create an OCI Events rule that matches the "Resource Manager Job - Create" condition. This rule will be triggered when a Resource Manager job is created. In the OCI Events rule, select the notification topic that was created in step 1 as the action for the corresponding event. This will ensure that the notification is sent to the specified email address. By following these steps, you can configure the OCI Events service to send an email notification whenever a Resource Manager job is created in OCI Resource Manager.

Explanation

The best answer is: "Use the OCI Logging service and enable VCN flow logs." To meet the requirement of analyzing network communication between two services deployed in different Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) clusters within the same Virtual Cloud Network (VCN) in a cost-effective way, you can use the OCI Logging service and enable VCN flow logs. The VCN flow logs feature in OCI allows you to capture and log network traffic information for your VCN resources. By enabling VCN flow logs, you can monitor and analyze the network communication between your services without the need for additional third-party logging services or tools. Enabling VCN flow logs provides visibility into the network traffic, including source and destination IP addresses, ports, protocols, and other relevant details. This information can be collected and stored in the OCI Logging service, where you can analyze and gain insights into the network communication patterns between your services. By leveraging the built-in capabilities of the OCI Logging service and enabling VCN flow logs, you can fulfill the security team's requirement for network communication analysis in a cost-effective manner. This eliminates the need for deploying additional third-party logging services or tools, reducing complexity and potential costs associated with their setup and maintenance. The other options mentioned are not the most cost-effective or suitable solutions for analyzing network communication in this scenario: Deploying a third-party logging service and aggregating the network flow logs would introduce additional costs and complexity, which may not be necessary considering the built-in capabilities provided by OCI. Rewriting the application to send logs to an outside log aggregator would not directly address the requirement of analyzing network communication between the services. It would focus more on application-level logs rather than network-level analysis. Deploying Wireshark and intercepting packets would require additional infrastructure setup and maintenance, which may not be the most cost-effective approach for network analysis in this scenario.

Visibility timeout is the concept in OCI Queue that is responsible for hiding a message from other consumers for a predefined amount of time after it has been delivered to a consumer1. The visibility timeout can be set at the queue level when creating a queue, or it can be specified when consuming or updating messages1. If a consumer is having difficulty successfully processing a message, it can update the message to extend its invisibility1. If a message’s visibility timeout is not extended, and the consumer does not delete the message, it returns to the queue1.Verified References: Overview of Queue

Explanation

The correct answer is: "read only." The layers of a Docker image are read-only. Once a layer is created, it cannot be modified. Each layer represents a Dockerfile instruction, and it is stacked on top of the previous layer, forming a stack of immutable layers. These layers are designed to be read-only to ensure consistency and integrity of the image. When a Docker image is built, each instruction in the Dockerfile creates a new layer. Each layer represents the changes made by that instruction relative to the previous layer. The layers are stacked on top of each other to form the complete image. This layer-based approach allows for efficient storage and distribution of Docker images. Because the layers are read-only, any changes or modifications to the image result in the creation of new layers rather than modifying the existing ones. This immutability ensures that each layer remains intact and preserves the integrity of the image. It also enables Docker's caching mechanism, where previously built layers can be reused if the corresponding instructions haven't changed, speeding up the image build process. The other options mentioned, such as "write only," "write once," "movable," and "read mostly," do not accurately describe the permission associated with Docker image layers. Docker image layers are specifically designed to be read-only.

Explanation

The correct value for the "type" field in the API deployment specification is "STOCK_RESPONSE_BACKEND". By setting the "type" to "STOCK_RESPONSE_BACKEND", you are indicating that the backend for the specified route should return a pre-defined response. This type of backend is commonly used when you want a specific response to be returned consistently, regardless of the actual backend service implementation. In this case, the API deployment specification is configured to have a single route with the path "/hello" and the method "GET". The backend section specifies the type as "STOCK_RESPONSE_BACKEND". Additionally, it defines the response status code as 200, setsthe "Content-Type" header to "application/json", and provides the JSON content in the "body" field. Using this configuration, any request to the "/hello" path with the "GET" method will always receive a consistent JSON response with the content "{"myjson": "consistent response"}".

Explanation

The correct answer is: "Resiliency is about recovering from failures without downtime or data loss." Service resiliency, in the context of cloud-native applications, is the ability of a service or system to recover from failures and continue functioning without downtime or data loss. It involves designing and implementing mechanisms to handle failures, such as network outages, hardware failures, or software errors, in a way that minimizes the impact on the overall system. The goal of resiliency isto ensure that the application or service can continue to operate and provide a certain level of functionality, even in the face of failures. This typically involves techniques such as redundancy, fault tolerance, and graceful degradation. By implementing resiliency measures, a cloud-native application can recover and adapt to failures, maintain availability, and preserve data integrity. The other statements are not accurate regarding service resiliency: Resiliency is not about not bringing a service to a functioning state after a failure. Instead, it is about recovering from failures and ensuring continued functionality. Resiliency is not about avoiding failures entirely. While it is desirable to prevent failures, resiliency focuses on the ability to handle and recover from failures when they do occur. Resiliency testing is not limited to a test environment. It is important to test and validate the resiliency measures in both test environments and production environments to ensure the application can effectively handle failures in real-world scenarios.

Explanation

The correct answer is: In blue/green deployment, both old and new applications are in production at the same time. In canary deployment, the application is deployed incrementally to a select group of people. In a blue/green deployment strategy, two identical environments, referred to as blue and green, are set up. The current production environment (blue) continues to serve live traffic while a new version of the application is deployed in the green environment. Once the new version is tested and deemed stable, traffic is routed from the blue environment to the green environment, making it the new production environment. This approach allows for a seamless switch between the old and new versions of the application. On the other hand, in a canary deployment strategy, the new version of the application is deployed incrementally to a small subset of users or a specific group. This allows for testing the new version in a real production environment while minimizing the impact of any potential issues. If the new version performs well and meets the desired criteria, it can be gradually rolled out to a larger audience or the entire user base. In summary, the main difference between blue/green and canary deployment strategies lies in how the deployment is managed. Blue/green involves simultaneous production of both old and new applications, while canary deployment focuses on incremental deployment to a select group of users.

Explanation

The smallest unit of Kubernetes architecture is a Pod. A Pod is a logical grouping of one or more containers that are deployed together on the same host and share the same network namespace, storage, and other resources. It represents the smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes and is used to encapsulate and manage one or more closely related containers. Containers within a Pod are scheduled and deployed together, allowing them to communicate and share resources efficiently.

In the shared responsibility model, Oracle is responsible for securing the underlying cloud infrastructure and platform services, while customers are responsible for securing theirdata and applications within the cloud4. For provisioned OKE clusters, Oracle manages the control plane (master nodes) of the Kubernetes cluster, while customers manage the data plane (worker nodes) of the cluster5. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the customer to perform patching, upgrading, and maintaining of the worker nodes in provisioned OKE clusters5. Customers can use tools such as Terraform or kubectl to automate these tasks5.

Explanation

The statement that accurately describes the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Load Balancer integration with OCI Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) is: "OKE service provisions an OCI Load Balancer instance for each Kubernetes service with LoadBalancer type in the YAML configuration." When you define a Kubernetes service in your YAML configuration with the LoadBalancer type, the OKE service automatically provisions an OCI Load Balancer instance specifically for that service. This Load Balancer instance is dedicated to the Kubernetes service and provides traffic balancing functionality. Each Kubernetes service that requires load balancing will have its own OCI Load Balancer instance provisioned by OKE.