1z0-1085-23 Practice Exam Questions with Answers Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 2023 Foundations Associate Certification

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure is hosted in regions and availability domains. A region is a localized geographic area, and an availability domain is one or more data centers located within a region. A region is composed of one or more availability domains. Most Oracle Cloud Infrastructure resources are either region-specific, such as a virtual cloud network, or availability domain-specific, such as a compute instance. Traffic between availability domains and between regions is encrypted.

Availability domains are isolated from each other, fault tolerant, and very unlikely to fail simultaneously. Because availability domains do not share infrastructure such as power or cooling, or the internal availability domain network, a failure at one availability domain within a region is unlikely to impact the availability of the others within the same region.

The availability domains within the same region are connected to each other by a low latency, high bandwidth network, which makes it possible for you to provide high-availability connectivity to the internet and on-premises, and to build replicated systems in multiple availability domains for both high-availability and disaster recovery.

A fault domain is a grouping of hardware and infrastructure within an availability domain. Each availability domain contains three fault domains. Fault domains provide anti-affinity: they let you distribute your instances so that the instances are not on the same physical hardware within a single availability domain. A hardware failure or Compute hardware maintenance event that affects one fault domain does not affect instances in other fault domains. In addition, the physical hardware in a fault domain has independent and redundant power supplies, which prevents a failure in the power supply hardware within one fault domain from affecting other fault domains.

An instance configuration is the term used to describe the combination of an instance’s shape, base image, and metadata in the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Compute service. An instance configuration defines the hardware and software specifications for launching an instance.

Horizontal scaling means that you scale by adding more machines into your pool of resources whereas Vertical scaling means that you scale by adding more power (CPU, RAM) to an existing machine.

An easy way to remember this is to think of a machine on a server rack, we add more machines across the horizontal direction and add more resources to a machine in the vertical direction.

With horizontal-scaling it is often easier to scale dynamically by adding more machines into the existing pool — Vertical-scaling is often limited to the capacity of a single machine, scaling beyond that capacity often involves downtime and comes with an upper limit.

• Oracle Cloud VMware Solution is a customer-managed, native VMware-based cloud environment that is installed within a customer’s tenancy. Customers have complete access to and control over their VMware environment in the cloud2
• Customers can use the same VMware tools and skills to manage and run their infrastructure in the cloud without compromise2
• Customers have full administrative control over the VMware environment, including vCenter access with administrative credentials3

The cost of running a virtual machine instance in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure depends on several factors, such as the size, shape, region, and operating system of the instance. The number of virtual machines running does not impact the cost of each individual instance1

The Universal Credits pricing model allows customers to use prepaid credits for any eligible cloud service. This gives customers the flexibility to switch between services or regions as needed without having to renegotiate contracts2

Visual Logs is not a valid log type supported by the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Logging service. The Logging service supports three kinds of logs: Audit logs, Service logs, and Custom logs5

• Audit logs are logs related to events emitted by the OCI Audit service, such as API calls or console actions performed by users or services in your tenancy. Audit logs are automatically enabled and available for viewing or searching in the Logging service5
• Service logs are logs emitted by OCI native services, such as API Gateway, Events, Functions, Load Balancer, Object Storage, and VCN Flow Logs. Each of these supported services has predefined logging categories that you can enable or disable on your respective resources. For example, you can enable read and write access events for Object Storage buckets, or ingress and egress traffic for VCN subnets5
• Custom logs are logs that contain diagnostic information from custom applications, other cloud providers, or an on-premises environment. Custom logs can be ingested through the API, or by configuring the Unified Monitoring Agent. For example, you can send logs from Apache web servers, Oracle databases, or Kubernetes clusters to the Logging service for analysis and monitoring5

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure is hosted in regions and availability domains. A region is a localized geographic area, and an availability domain is one or more data centers located within a region. A region is composed of one or more availability domains.

Regions are independent of other regions and can be separated by vast distances—across countries or even continents.

Availability domains are isolated from each other, fault tolerant, and very unlikely to fail simultaneously. Because availability domains do not share infrastructure such as power or cooling, or the internal availability domain network, a failure at one availability domain within a region is unlikely to impact the availability of the others within the same region.

Fault domain is a grouping of hardware and infrastructure within an availability domain. Each availability domain contains three fault domains. Fault domains provide anti-affinity: they let you distribute your instances so that the instances are not on the same physical hardware within a single availability domain. A hardware failure or Compute hardware maintenance event that affects one fault domain does not affect instances in other fault domains. In addition, the physical hardware in a fault domain has independent and redundant power supplies, which prevents a failure in the power supply hardware within one fault domain from affecting other fault domains.

You can create and manage resources in the following ways:

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure ConsoleThe Console is an intuitive, graphical interface that lets you create and manage your instances, cloud networks, and storage volumes, as well as your users and permissions. See Using the Console.

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure APIsThe Oracle Cloud Infrastructure APIs are typical REST APIs that use HTTPS requests and responses. See API Requests.

SDKsSeveral Software Development Kits are available for easy integration with the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure APIs, including SDKs for Java, Ruby, and Python. For more information, see Developer Resources.

Command Line Interface (CLI)You can use a command line interface with some services. For more information, see Developer Resources.

TerraformOracle supports Terraform. Terraform is "infrastructure-as-code" software that allows you to define your infrastructure resources in files that you can persist, version, and share. For more information, see Getting Started with the Terraform Provider.

AnsibleOracle supports the use of Ansible for cloud infrastructure provisioning, orchestration, and configuration management. Ansible allows you to automate configuring and provisioning your cloud infrastructure, deploying and updating software assets, and orchestrating your complex operational processes. For more information, see Getting Started with Ansible for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.

Resource ManagerResource Manager is an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure service that allows you to automate the process of provisioning your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure resources. It helps you install, configure, and manage resources using the "infrastructure-as-code" model. For more information, see Overview of Resource Manager.

It is collection of related resources. Compartments are a fundamental component of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure for organizing and isolating your cloud resources. You use them to clearly separate resources for the purposes of measuring usage and billing, access (through the use of IAM Service policies), and isolation (separating the resources for one project or business unit from another). A common approach is to create a compartment for each major part of your organization. For more information, see Overview of the IAM Service and also Setting Up Your Tenancy.

To place a resource in a compartment, simply specify the compartment ID in the "Create" request object when initially creating the resource. For example, to launch an instance into a particular compartment, specify that compartment's OCID in the LaunchInstance request. You can't move an existing resource from one compartment to another.

To use any of the API operations, you must be authorized in an IAM policy. If you're not authorized, talk to an administrator. If you're an administrator who needs to write policies to give users access, see Getting Started with Policies.

You must create a dedicated virtual machine host before you can place any instances on it. When creating the dedicated virtual machine host, you select an availability domain and fault domain to launch it in. All the VM instances that you place on the host will subsequently be created in this availability domain and fault domain. You also select a compartment when you create the dedicated virtual machine host, but you can move the host to a new compartment later without impacting any of the instances placed on it. You can also create the instances in a different compartment than the dedicated virtual machine host, or move them to difference compartments after they have been launched.

You are billed for the dedicated virtual machine host as soon as you create it, but you are not billed for any of the individual VM instances you place on it. You will still be billed for image licensing costs if they apply to the image you are using for the VM instances.

Read more: https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Compute/Concepts/dedicatedvmhosts.htm

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure’s security approach is based on seven core pillars. Each pillar has multiple solutions designed to maximize the security and compliance of the platform and to help customers to improve their security posture.

High Availability: Offer fault-independent data centers that enable high-availability scale-out architectures and are resilient against network attacks, ensuring constant uptime in the face of disaster and security attack.

Customer Isolation: Allow customers to deploy their application and data assets in an environment that commits full isolation from other tenants and Oracle’s staff.

Data Encryption: Protect customer data at-rest and in-transit in a way that allows customers to meet their security and compliance requirements with respect to cryptographic algorithms and key management.

Security Controls: Offer customers effective and easy-to-use application, platform, and network security solutions that allow them to protect their workloads, have a secure application delivery using a global edge network, constrain access to their services, and segregate operational responsibilities to reduce the risk associated with malicious and accidental user actions.

Visibility: Offer customers comprehensive log data and security analytics that they can use to audit and monitor actions on their resources, allowing them to meet their audit requirements and reduce security and operational risk.

Secure Hybrid Cloud: Enable customers to use their existing security assets, such as user accounts and policies, as well as third-party security solutions, when accessing their cloud resources and securing their data and application assets in the cloud.

Verifiably Secure Infrastructure: Follow rigorous processes and use effective security controls in all phases of cloud service development and operation. Demonstrate adherence to Oracle’s strict security standards through third-party audits, certifications, and attestations. Help customers demonstrate compliance readiness to internal security and compliance teams, their customers, auditors, and regulators.

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Autonomous Database is based on Oracle Database, the world’s leading relational database management system. It leverages the features and capabilities of Oracle Database to provide a fully managed, self-driving, self-securing, and self-repairing database service6

When you sign up for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, Oracle creates a tenancy for you in one region. This is your home region. Your home region is where your IAM resources are defined. When you subscribe to another region, your IAM resources are available in the new region, however, the master definitions reside in your home region and can only be changed there.

When you subscribe your tenancy to a new region, all the policies from your home region are enforced in the new region. If you want to limit access for groups of users to specific regions, you can write policies to grant access to specific regions only.

Users are not a component of the OCI Identity domains, but rather a resource within an identity domain. An identity domain is a container for managing users and roles, federating and provisioning of users, secure application integration through Oracle Single Sign-On (SSO) configuration, and SAML/OAuth based Identity Provider administration1.

The Ultra High Performance level is the only OCI Block Volume performance level that can meet the requirement of at least 105 IOPS/GB and 100,000 IOPS per volume. The Ultra High Performance level is recommended for workloads with the highest I/O requirements, requiring the best possible performance. With this option, you can purchase between 30 – 120 VPUs (volume performance units) per GB/month. The VPUs determine the baseline performance of the volume, as well as the maximum burst performance. The Ultra High Performance level offers the following performance characteristics: 1

• Baseline IOPS/GB: 75
• Maximum IOPS/GB: 300
• Maximum IOPS per volume: 480,000
• Baseline throughput/GB: 0.6 MB/s
• Maximum throughput/GB: 2.4 MB/s
• Maximum throughput per volume: 3,680 MB/s

To achieve the requirement of at least 105 IOPS/GB, you need to purchase at least 45 VPUs/GB. To achieve the requirement of 100,000 IOPS per volume, you need to have a volume size of at least 334 GB. Therefore, the Ultra High Performance level can satisfy both requirements with a minimum volume size of 334 GB and a minimum VPUs/GB of 45.

The other performance levels (Balanced, Higher Performance, and Lower Cost) cannot meet the requirement of at least 105 IOPS/GB and 100,000 IOPS per volume. The Balanced level offers 10 VPUs/GB, with a baseline of 60 IOPS/GB and a maximum of 75 IOPS/GB. The Higher Performance level offers 20 VPUs/GB, with a baseline of 75 IOPS/GB and a maximum of 150 IOPS/GB. The Lower Cost level offers 2 VPUs/GB, with a baseline of 2 IOPS/GB and a maximum of 10 IOPS/GB. None of these levels can provide the required performance for the workload1

A single registry can contain both private and public Docker repositories in OCIR. A private repository requires authentication to pull images, while a public repository allows anyone with internet access and the appropriate URL to pull images. You can create and manage both types of repositories using the OCI Console or the Docker CLI3.

Customer and Oracle's responsibilities can be divided into the following areas:

Physical Security: Oracle is responsible for protecting the global infrastructure that runs all of the services offered in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. This infrastructure consists of the hardware, software, networking, and facilities that run Oracle Cloud Infrastructure services.

Identity and Access Management (IAM): As with all Oracle cloud services, you should protect your cloud access credentials and set up individual user accounts. You are responsible for managing and reviewing access for your own employee accounts and for all activities that occur under your tenancy. Oracle is responsible for providing effective IAM services such as identity management, authentication, authorization, and auditing.

Workload Security: You are responsible for protecting and securing the operating system and application layers of your compute instances from attacks and compromises. This protection includes patching applications and operating systems, operating system configuration, and protection against malware and network attacks. Oracle is responsible for providing secure images that are hardened and have the latest patches. Also, Oracle makes it simple for you to bring the same third-party security solutions that you use today.

Data Classification and Compliance: You are responsible for correctly classifying and labeling your data and meeting any compliance obligations. Also, you are responsible for auditing your solutions to ensure that they meet your compliance obligations.

Host Infrastructure Security: You are responsible for securely configuring and managing your compute (virtual hosts, containers), storage (object, local storage, block volumes), and platform (database configuration) services. Oracle has a shared responsibility with you to ensure that the service is optimally configured and secured. This responsibility includes hypervisor security and the configuration of the permissions and network access controls required to ensure that hosts can communicate correctly and that devices are able to attach or mount the correct storage devices.

Network Security: You are responsible for securely configuring network elements such as virtual networking, load balancing, DNS, and gateways. Oracle is responsible for providing a secure network infrastructure.

Client and Endpoint Protection: Your enterprise uses various hardware and software systems, such as mobile devices and browsers, to access your cloud resources. You are responsible for securing all clients and endpoints that you allow to access Oracle Cloud Infrastructure services.

OCI logs are encrypted in three ways: in-flight, disk-level, and archive. OCI logs are encrypted in-flight, that is, while they are in the process of being ingested into OCI Logging; after the logs are in the system, they are encrypted with disk-level encryption for commercial environments; and logs are also encrypted when they are archived, and while in storage

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Autonomous Database supports two workload types: transaction processing and data warehousing. Transaction processing workloads are optimized for high-performance online transaction processing (OLTP), mixed transactions and analytics processing (HTAP), and JSON document processing. Data warehousing workloads are optimized for high-performance analytics and reporting6

The primary goal of the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure shared security model is to ensure a comprehensive security posture by dividing security responsibilities between Oracle and the customer. Security in the cloud is a shared responsibility between you and Oracle. Whereas Oracle ensures the security of cloud infrastructure and operations, your organization must define its own security guidelines. The shared security model helps you understand which security tasks are handled by Oracle and which tasks you must perform3.

Open a support service request with MOS option is available to paid accounts. Customers using only Always Free resources are not eligible for Oracle Support. Limited support is available to Free Tier accounts with Free Trial credits. After you use all of your credits or after your trial period ends (whichever comes first), you must upgrade to a paid account to access Oracle Support. If you choose not to upgrade and continue to use Always Free Services, you will not be eligible to raise a service request in My Oracle Support.

In addition to support for technical issues, use My Oracle Support if you need to:

· Reset the password or unlock the account for the tenancy administrator

· Add or change a tenancy administrator

· Request a service limit increase

A usage report is a comma-separated value (CSV) file that can be used to get a detailed breakdown of resources in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure for audit or invoice reconciliation.

The usage report is automatically generated daily, and is stored in an Oracle-owned Object Storage bucket. It contains one row per each Oracle Cloud Infrastructure resource (such as instance, Object Storage bucket, VNIC) per hour along with consumption information, metadata, and tags. Usage reports generally contain 24 hours of usage data, although occasionally a usage report may contain late-arriving data that is older than 24 hours.

Usage reports are retained for one year.

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure FastConnect provides an easy way to create a dedicated, private connection between your data center and Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. FastConnect provides higher-bandwidth options, and a more reliable and consistent networking experience compared to internet-based connections.

Explanation

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure File Storage service provides a durable, scalable, secure, enterprise-grade network file system. You can connect to a File Storage service file system from any bare metal, virtual machine, or container instance in your Virtual Cloud Network (VCN). You can also access a file system from outside the VCN using Oracle Cloud Infrastructure FastConnect and Internet Protocol security (IPSec) virtual private network (VPN).

Large Compute clusters of thousands of instances can use the File Storage service for high-performance shared storage. Storage provisioning is fully managed and automatic as your use scales from a single byte to exabytes without upfront provisioning.

The File Storage service supports the Network File System version 3.0 (NFSv3) protocol. The service supports the Network Lock Manager (NLM) protocol for file locking functionality.

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure File Storage employs 5-way replicated storage, located in different fault domains, to provide redundancy for resilient data protection. Data is protected with erasure encoding.

The File Storage service uses the "eventual overwrite" method of data eradication. Files are created in the file system with a unique encryption key. When you delete a single file, its associated encryption key is eradicated, making the file inaccessible. When you delete an entire file system, the file system is marked as inaccessible. The service systematically traverses deleted files and file systems, frees all the used space, and eradicates all residual files.

Use the File Storage service when your application or workload includes big data and analytics, media processing, or content management, and you require Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)-compliant file system access semantics and concurrently accessible storage. The File Storage service is designed to meet the needs of applications and users that need an enterprise file system across a wide range of use cases, including the following:

Vault is the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure service that is responsible for securely storing and managing encryption keys and secrets. Vault is a key management service that lets you create, import, use, rotate, disable, and delete cryptographic keys and secrets. You can use Vault to encrypt your data at rest or in transit, as well as sign and verify digital messages5.

Round robin is a type of load balancing policy supported by Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Load Balancer. Round robin distributes incoming traffic evenly across all healthy backend servers in a backend set. Round robin ensures that each server receives an equal number of requests over time.

Object lifecycle management is the feature of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Object Storage service that enables users to automatically move objects between storage tiers based on predefined rules. Object lifecycle management helps users optimize their storage costs and performance by moving objects to the most appropriate storage tier according to their access patterns and retention requirements.

The MySQL Database Service HeatWave Configuration in OCI is a distributed in-memory query accelerator that enables customers to run analytics queries on their MySQL databases up to 400 times faster than without HeatWave. It also eliminates the need to move data to a separate analytics database5

Cost Analysis is an easy-to-use visualization tool to help you track and optimize your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure spending, allows you to generate charts, and download accurate, reliable tabular reports of aggregated cost data on your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure consumption. Use the tool for spot checks of spending trends and for generating reports

Components of IAM

IAM uses the components described in this section. To better understand how the components fit together, see Example Scenario.

RESOURCE

The cloud objects that your company's employees create and use when interacting with Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. For example: compute instances, block storage volumes, virtual cloud networks (VCNs), subnets, route tables, etc.

USER

An individual employee or system that needs to manage or use your company's Oracle Cloud Infrastructure resources. Users might need to launch instances, manage remote disks, work with your virtual cloud network, etc. End users of your application are not typically IAM users. Users have one or more IAM credentials (see User Credentials).

GROUP

A collection of users who all need the same type of access to a particular set of resources or compartment.

DYNAMIC GROUP

A special type of group that contains resources (such as compute instances) that match rules that you define (thus the membership can change dynamically as matching resources are created or deleted). These instances act as "principal" actors and can make API calls to services according to policies that you write for the dynamic group.

NETWORK SOURCE

A group of IP addresses that are allowed to access resources in your tenancy. The IP addresses can be public IP addresses or IP addresses from a VCN within your tenancy. After you create the network source, you use policy to restrict access to only requests that originate from the IPs in the network source.

COMPARTMENT

A collection of related resources. Compartments are a fundamental component of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure for organizing and isolating your cloud resources. You use them to clearly separate resources for the purposes of measuring usage and billing, access (through the use of policies), and isolation (separating the resources for one project or business unit from another). A common approach is to create a compartment for each major part of your organization. For more information, see Setting Up Your Tenancy.

TENANCY

The root compartment that contains all of your organization's Oracle Cloud Infrastructure resources. Oracle automatically creates your company's tenancy for you. Directly within the tenancy are your IAM entities (users, groups, compartments, and some policies; you can also put policies into compartments inside the tenancy). You place the other types of cloud resources (e.g., instances, virtual networks, block storage volumes, etc.) inside the compartments that you create.

POLICY

A document that specifies who can access which resources, and how. Access is granted at the group and compartment level, which means you can write a policy that gives a group a specific type of access within a specific compartment, or to the tenancy itself. If you give a group access to the tenancy, the group automatically gets the same type of access to all the compartments inside the tenancy. For more information, see Example Scenario and How Policies Work. The word "policy" is used by people in different ways: to mean an individual statement written in the policy language; to mean a collection of statements in a single, named "policy" document (which has an Oracle Cloud ID (OCID) assigned to it); and to mean the overall body of policies your organization uses to control access to resources.

HOME REGION

The region where your IAM resources reside. All IAM resources are global and available across all regions, but the master set of definitions reside in a single region, the home region. You must make changes to your IAM resources in your home region. The changes will be automatically propagated to all regions. For more information, see Managing Regions.

FEDERATION

A relationship that an administrator configures between an identity provider and a service provider. When you federate Oracle Cloud Infrastructure with an identity provider, you manage users and groups in the identity provider. You manage authorization in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure's IAM service. Oracle Cloud Infrastructure tenancies are federated with Oracle Identity Cloud Service by default.

https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Identity/Concepts/overview.htm

Setting up your application across multiple fault domains is a way to configure high availability for an application in an OCI region with a single availability domain. A fault domain is a logical grouping of hardware and infrastructure within an availability domain that is designed to be isolated from failures in other fault domains. Fault domains let you distribute your instances so that they are not on the same physical hardware within a single availability domain. This reduces the impact of hardware failures, power outages, or network issues on your application availability and performance. Each availability domain has three fault domains, regardless of the number of availability domains in a region1

Online resizing is the feature that enables you to increase the size of a block volume without any downtime. Online resizing allows you to expand an existing volume in place while it is still attached to an instance and in use by the operating system or applications. You can use the Console, CLI, or API to perform online resizing1.

https://www.oracle.com/cloud/what-is-iaas/

What Is IaaS?

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a type of cloud service model in which computing resources are hosted in the cloud. Businesses can use the IaaS model to shift some or all of their use of on-premises or colocated data center infrastructure to the cloud, where it is owned and managed by a cloud provider. These infrastructure elements can include compute, network, and storage hardware as well as other components and software.

In the IaaS model, the cloud provider owns and operates the hardware and software and also owns or leases the data center. When you have an IaaS solution, you rent the resources like compute or storage, provision them when needed, and pay for the resources your organization consumes. For some resources such as compute, you’ll pay for the resources you use. For others such as storage, you’ll pay for capacity.

How Does IaaS Work?

In a typical IaaS model, a business—which can be of any size—consumes services like compute, storage, and databases from a cloud provider. The cloud provider offers those services by hosting hardware and software in the cloud. The business will no longer need to purchase and manage its own equipment, or space to host the equipment, and the cost will shift to a pay-as-you-go model. When the business needs less, it pays for less. And when it grows, it can provision additional computing resources and other technologies in minutes.

In contrast, in a traditional on-premises scenario, a business manages and maintains its own data center. The business must invest in servers, storage, software, and other technologies, and hire an IT staff or contractors to purchase, manage, and upgrade all the equipment and licenses. The data center has to be built to meet peak demand, even though sometimes workloads decline and those resources stand idle. Conversely, if the business grows quickly, the IT department might struggle to keep up.

Oracle Functions is a fully managed, multi-tenant, highly scalable, on-demand, Functions-as-a-Service platform. It is built on enterprise-grade Oracle Cloud Infrastructure and powered by the Fn Project open source engine. Use Oracle Functions (sometimes abbreviated to just Functions) when you want to focus on writing code to meet business needs.

The serverless and elastic architecture of Oracle Functions means there's no infrastructure administration or software administration for you to perform. You don't provision or maintain compute instances, and operating system software patches and upgrades are applied automatically. Oracle Functions simply ensures your app is highly-available, scalable, secure, and monitored. With Oracle Functions, you can write code in Java, Python, Node, Go, and Ruby (and for advanced use cases, bring your own Dockerfile, and Graal VM). You can then deploy your code, call it directly or trigger it in response to events, and get billed only for the resources consumed during the execution.

For more information on Always Free Resources refer below official documentation page

https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/FreeTier/resourceref.htm?Highlight=%20Always%20free

OCI FastConnect is not offered as part of the Free tier:

Exadata DB Systems are not available as part of Oracle Cloud Free Tier. Exadata DB Systems are a premium service that provides the highest levels of performance and availability for Oracle Database workloads. Oracle Cloud Free Tier includes a set of Always Free services that never expire, and a 30-day trial with US$300 of free credit to use on all eligible OCI services1. The Always Free services include two Oracle Autonomous Databases, two AMD Compute VMs, up to four instances of ARM Ampere A1 Compute, and other services1.

Archive storage is the most cost effective for archive data

Cloud Guard is the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure service that continuously monitors your cloud resources and configuration to detect, assess, and remediate security risks. Cloud Guard acts as a log and events aggregator from multiple sources, including Audit, OS Management, Networking, and IAM. It applies built-in security rules to identify misconfigurations, anomalous activities, and insecure behaviors. It also provides recommendations and actions to address the issues4.

Resource Manager is an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure service that allows you to automate the process of provisioning your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure resources. Using Terraform, Resource Manager helps you install, configure, and manage resources through the "infrastructure-as-code" model.

A Terraform configuration codifies your infrastructure in declarative configuration files. Resource Manager allows you to share and manage infrastructure configurations and state files across multiple teams and platforms. This infrastructure management can't be done with local Terraform installations and Oracle Terraform modules alone. For more information about the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Terraform provider, see Terraform Provider. For a general introduction to Terraform and the "infrastructure-as-code" model, see https://www.terraform.io .

Explanation

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure offers best-in-class security technology and operational processes to secure its enterprise cloud services. However, for you to securely run your workloads in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, you must be aware of your security and compliance responsibilities. By design, Oracle provides security of cloud infrastructure and operations (cloud operator access controls, infrastructure security patching, and so on), and you are responsible for securely configuring your cloud resources. Security in the cloud is a shared responsibility between you and Oracle.

In a shared, multi-tenant compute environment, Oracle is responsible for the security of the underlying cloud infrastructure (such as data-center facilities, and hardware and software systems) and you are responsible for securing your workloads and configuring your services (such as compute, network, storage, and database) securely.

In a fully isolated, single-tenant, bare metal server with no Oracle software on it, your responsibility increases as you bring the entire software stack (operating systems and above) on which you deploy your applications. In this environment, you are responsible for securing your workloads, and configuring your services (compute, network, storage, database) securely, and ensuring that the software components that you run on the bare metal servers are configured, deployed, and managed securely.

The responsibilities can be divided as:

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure File Storage service provides a durable, scalable, secure, enterprise-grade network file system. You can connect to a File Storage service file system from any bare metal, virtual machine, or container instance in your Virtual Cloud Network (VCN).

You can control the access of the file system from FSS by applying some security rules and others but the services it self not related to security but it related to shared storage

A key benefit of using Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Autonomous Database is that it reduces database management overhead by automating tasks such as provisioning, patching, tuning, backup, recovery, and scaling. This allows customers to focus on their core business rather than database administration6

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes is a fully-managed, scalable, and highly available service that you can use to deploy your containerized applications to the cloud. Use Container Engine for Kubernetes (sometimes abbreviated to just OKE) when your development team wants to reliably build, deploy, and manage cloud-native applications. You specify the compute resources that your applications require, and Container Engine for Kubernetes provisions them on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure in an existing OCI tenancy.

You can access Container Engine for Kubernetes to define and create Kubernetes clusters using the Console and the REST API. You can access the clusters you create using the Kubernetes command line (kubectl), the Kubernetes Dashboard, and the Kubernetes API.

Container Engine for Kubernetes is integrated with Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Identity and Access Management (IAM), which provides easy authentication with native Oracle Cloud Infrastructure identity functionality.

Oracle offers several different service level agreements as defined in this section (Service Level Agreements).Service level agreements range from least restrictive (data plane) to more restrictive (control plane) to most restrictive (performance).

Oracle Data Safe is a unified control center for your Oracle databases which helps you understand the sensitivity of your data, evaluate risks to data, mask sensitive data, implement and monitor security controls, assess user security, monitor user activity, and address data security compliance requirements.

Whether you’re using an Autonomous Database or an Oracle DB system, Oracle Data Safe delivers essential data security capabilities as a service on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.

Features of Oracle Data Safe:

Oracle Data Safe provides the following set of features for protecting sensitive and regulated data in Oracle Cloud databases, all in a single, easy-to-use management console:

1) Security Assessment helps you assess the security of your cloud database configurations. It analyzes database configurations, user accounts, and security controls, and then reports the findings with recommendations for remediation activities that follow best practices to reduce or mitigate risk.

2) User Assessment helps you assess the security of your database users and identify high risk users. It reviews information about your users in the data dictionary on your target databases, and calculates a risk score for each user. For example, it evaluates the user types, how users are authenticated, the password policies assigned to each user, and how long it has been since each user has changed their password. It also provides a direct link to audit records related to each user. With this information, you can then deploy appropriate security controls and policies.

3) Data Discovery helps you find sensitive data in your cloud databases. You tell Data Discovery what kind of sensitive data to search for, and it inspects the actual data in your database and its data dictionary, and then returns to you a list of sensitive columns. By default, Data Discovery can search for a wide variety of sensitive data pertaining to identification, biographic, IT, financial, healthcare, employment, and academic information.

4) Data Masking provides a way for you to mask sensitive data so that the data is safe for non-production purposes. For example, organizations often need to create copies of their production data to support development and test activities. Simply copying the production data exposes sensitive data to new users. To avoid a security risk, you can use Data Masking to replace the sensitive data with realistic, but fictitious data.

5) Activity Auditing lets you audit user activity on your databases so you can monitor database usage and be alerted of unusual database activities.