1z0-1109-23 Practice Exam Questions with Answers Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 2023 DevOps Professional Certification

Explanation

"The OCI capability that can help achieve the requirement of archiving logging data into OCI Object Storage is the ""Service Connector Hub."" The Service Connector Hub in OCI enables you to configure connections and workflows between different OCI services. In this case, you can create a connection between the OCI Logging service and OCI Object Storage using the Service Connector Hub. By setting up a connection between these services, you can define a workflow to automatically transfer the logs collected by the Logging service to Object Storage for archiving. This ensures that the logging data is securely stored and easily accessible for future analysis or compliance purposes. The Logging Query capability allows you to search and analyze logs, but it does not directly address the requirement of archiving the logging data into Object Storage. ObjectCollectionRule is not a valid OCI capability and does not pertain to the archiving of logging data into Object Storage. IAM policies are used to manage access and permissions within OCI, but they do not directly pro-vide the capability to archive logging data into Object Storage." Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/service-connector-hub/archivelogs.htm

The cluster option that is the best fit for ensuring reliable operations of Kubernetes at scale while minimizing the operational overhead of managing the worker node infrastructure is using OCI OKE virtual nodes to eliminate worker node infrastructure management. OKE is a fully managed service that allows you to run and manage your Kubernetes cluster on OCI. A Kubernetes cluster consists of a control plane and a set of worker nodes that run your containerized applications. OKE provides a highly available and secure control plane that is managed by Oracle, while you are responsible for managing the worker node infrastructure. However, OKE also supports virtual nodes, which are serverless compute resources that are automatically provisioned and scaled by OCI based on your application workload demands. Virtual nodes eliminate the need for managing worker node infrastructure, such as security patches, updates, scaling, etc. Virtual nodes also offer a serverless Kubernetes experience, where you can focus on developing and deploying your applications without worrying about the underlying infrastructure. Verified References: [Container Engine for Kubernetes - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools], [Virtual Nodes - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes]

To create a secret in OCI Vault service, you need to have the following prerequisites:

• You must have a Vault managed key to encrypt the secret. A Vault managed key is a symmetric encryption key that is generated and managed by the Vault service. You can use a Vault managed key to encrypt and decrypt secrets, such as passwords, API keys, certificates, etc.
• You must have the required permissions to create and manage secrets in the Vault service. You need to have the IAM policies that allow you to access the Vault compartment, the Vault itself, and the Vault managed key. You also need to have the secret management policies that allow you to create, read, update, delete, or restore secrets. Verified References: [Creating Secrets - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Vault], [Prerequisites for Working with Secrets - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Vault]

The correct way is to use the variables section in your build_spec.yaml file to define variables and assign values to them. You can also use the vaultVariable section to define variables that hold the content of the vault secrets in OCID format. You can then use these variables in other sections of your build_spec.yaml file by using the syntax $(VARIABLE_NAME). You can also use the exportedVariables section to define variables that can be used in subsequent stages of the same pipeline. Verified References: [Variables - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps], [Defining Variables - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps]

The statements that are true for scaling an OKE cluster to meet growing demand are:

• Enable autoscaling by autoscaling Pods by deploying Kubernetes Autoscaler to collect resource metrics from each worker node in the cluster. Pod autoscaling is a feature that allows you to adjust the number of pods in a deployment or replica set based on the CPU or memory utilization of the pods. You can use Kubernetes Autoscaler, which is an add-on component that you can install on your OKE cluster, to collect resource metrics from each worker node and scale the pods up or down accordingly.
• Enable cluster autoscaling by autoscaling node pools by deploying the Kubernetes Autoscaler to automatically resize a cluster’s node pools based on application workload demands. Cluster autoscaling is a feature that allows you to adjust the number of nodes in a node pool based on the pod requests and limits of the pods running on the nodes. You can use Kubernetes Autoscaler, which is an add-on component that you can install on your OKE cluster, to monitor the pod requests and limits and scale the node pools up or down accordingly.
• Scale a node pool up and down to change the number of worker nodes in the node pool, and the availability domains and subnets in which to place them. A node pool is a group of worker nodes within an OKE cluster that share the same configuration, such as shape, image, subnet, etc. You can use OCI Console, CLI, or API to scale a node pool up and down by adding or removing worker nodes from it. You can also change the availability domains and subnets for your node pool to distribute your nodes across different fault domains. Scaling a node pool allows you to adjust your cluster capacity according to your application workload demands. Verified References: [Scaling Clusters - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes], [Scaling Node Pools - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes]

Explanation

The three actions that the DevOps Engineer must perform to easily manage and troubleshoot applications on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) are: Create a service account and the clusterrolebinding, obtain an authentication token for the service account using the kubectl command, and run a kubectl proxy command to enable the Kubernetes dashboard. This allows for easy access to the dashboard and management of deployed applications. Automatically deploy the Kubernetes dashboard during cluster creation, create the cluster using the API, and set the iskubernetesDashboardEnabled attribute to true. This ensures that the Kubernetes dashboard is automatically deployed and accessible. Manually deploy the Kubernetes dashboard on an existing cluster and access it using the appropriate URL. This involves deploying the dashboard manually and accessing it through the specified URL, which allows for management and troubleshooting of applications. Using these actions, the DevOps Engineer can effectively manage and troubleshoot applications deployed on OKE, leveraging the Kubernetes dashboard for enhanced visibility and control.

Explanation

The two approaches that can be used to build the e-commerce website and achieve deployment in-dependence, easier technology upgrades, and resiliency to architecture changes are: Implement each module as an independent service/process: This approach is aligned with the microservices architecture, where each module or functionality is developed and deployed as a separate service. This al-lows for independent updates, replacements, or deletions of specific modules without disrupting the rest of the application. It provides flexibility, scalability, and easier technology upgrades by enabling the use of different technologies and frameworks for different services. Use microservices architec-ture: Microservices architecture involves breaking down the application into smaller, loosely coupled services that communicate with each other through APIs. This architecture promotes independent deployment of services, making it easier to update or modify specific services without affecting the entire application. It allows for better scalability, fault isolation, and resiliency to architecture changes. The monolithic approach, where the entire application is built as a single unit, is not suitable for achieving the mentioned goals. It can lead to challenges in deployment independence, technology upgrades, and adaptability to newer technologies.

Explanation

A valid concern that needs to be further investigated in this scenario is whether the OKE cluster has a secret with credentials of the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry (OCIR) repository and if that secret is being used in the Kubernetes deployment manifest. When deploying an application on OKE and pulling images from OCIR, the cluster needs to authenticate and authorize access to the OCIR repository. This is typically done by creating a Kubernetes secret that contains the credentials (authentication token or username/password) required to access the repository. The secret is then referenced in the Kubernetes deployment manifest to allow the cluster to pull the images. If the images are not getting pulled from the designated OCIR repository, it suggests that the OKE cluster might be missing the necessary secret with the OCIR credentials or the secret is not properly referenced in the deployment manifest. Further investigation should focus on ensuring the existence and correct configuration of the secret and its usage in the deployment process.

The statement that is true about automatic repository creation is that if you select the “Create repositories on first push root compartment” option and push an image with a command that includes the name of a repository that doesn’t already exist, a new private repository is created automatically in the root compartment. This option allows you to enable or disable automatic repository creation for the root compartment of your tenancy. If you enable this option, you can push an image to OCI Registry using the docker push command with the format .ocir.io//:, where is the name of a repository that does not exist yet. This will create a new private repository with the specified name and tag in the root compartment. If you disable this option, you will need to create an empty repository in advance before pushing an image to it. Verified References: [Creating Repositories - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry], [Pushing Images - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry]

Explanation

The two offerings that DevOps tools can provide are: Integration between development and IT teams to achieve automation: DevOps tools facilitate collaboration and integration between development and IT operations teams. They provide a platform for automating processes, sharing information, and streamlining workflows, enabling faster and more efficient software development and deployment. Speeding up production consistency and speed by automating the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC): DevOps tools automate various stages of the SDLC, including code compilation, testing, deployment, and monitoring. By automating these processes, DevOps tools help ensure consistency, reduce manual errors, and accelerate the release of software updates and new features. DevOps tools may also offer additional benefits such as improved security, reporting, and tracking metrics, but the primary offerings are integration and automation for faster and more efficient software delivery.

The two offerings which DevOps tool can provide are:

• Integrates between development and IT teams to achieve automation. DevOps tools enable collaboration between developers and operations teams by breaking down silos and streamlining workflows. DevOps tools also automate routine tasks and eliminate manual processes that can cause errors and delays.
• Speeds up production consistency and speed by automating SDLC. DevOps tools automate the software development lifecycle (SDLC) by enabling continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) of software. DevOps tools also ensure consistency across different environments by using infrastructure as code (IaC) and configuration management techniques. Verified References: [DevOps - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools], [DevOps Tools - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools]

The steps that you would take to delete the specified image are:

• To determine which container is using the image, use the “docker ps -a” command. This command will list all the containers in your system, including their ID, image name, status, etc. You can look for the container that has the image name d123f4e55e12 in its output.
• To delete the container, use the ‘docker rm 0f1262bd1285’ command. This command will remove the container with the ID 0f1262bd1285 from your system. You can also use the -f flag to force remove the container if it is running or paused.
• To delete the docker image, use the ‘docker rmi d123f4e55e12’ command. This command will remove the image with the ID d123f4e55e12 from your system. You can also use the -f flag to force remove the image if it is being used by another container. Verified References: [docker ps - Docker Documentation], [docker rm - Docker Documentation], [docker rmi - Docker Documentation]

To automatically push the modified code changes to the production, you can use the OCI DevOps Triggers feature. A trigger is a rule that defines when a build or deployment pipeline should run based on an event, such as a code commit, a pull request, or a schedule. You can create a trigger that runs your build and deployment pipelines on every code commit to your Git repository, which will ensure that your production environment is always up to date with the latest changes. Verified References: [Triggers - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps], [Creating Triggers - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps]

Explanation

The two tools that should be used for leveraging OCI DevOps service and including a Kubernetes cluster in the deployment architecture are: Ansible Collection: Ansible is an open-source automation tool that can be used for configuration management, application deployment, and orchestration. The Ansible Collection for OCI provides pre-built Ansible modules specifically designed for managing resources in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. It enables automation of provisioning and managing OCI resources, including the setup and configuration of a Kubernetes cluster. Terraform Provider: Terraform is an infrastructure as code tool that allows you to define and provision infrastructure re-sources using declarative configuration files. The Terraform Provider for OCI enables you to define and manage OCI resources, including the creation and configuration of a Kubernetes cluster. It pro-vides a consistent and repeatable way to provision and manage infrastructure components. Chef Knife Plug-in and Compute Jenkins Plug-in are not specifically related to managing resources in OCI or deploying a Kubernetes cluster, so they are not the appropriate tools in this scenario.

The OCI service that can be used as a target deployment environment for intermittent workloads with a consumption-based pricing model is Functions. Functions is a fully managed, serverless platform that allows you to run your code without provisioning or managing any servers. You can use Functions to develop and deploy isolated web applications or RESTful APIs using Node.js, Python, Java, or Go. You only pay for the resources you consume when your code is executed, which is ideal for dynamic and irregular workloads. Verified References: [Functions - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools], [Creating Applications and Functions - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools]

One of the ways that OCI DevOps deployment pipelines reduce risk and complexity of production applications is by reducing change-driven errors introduced by manual deployments. A deployment pipeline is a sequence of stages that automates the delivery of software from source code to production. By using a deployment pipeline, you can eliminate human errors, enforce quality checks, and ensure consistency across different environments. A deployment pipeline also enables faster feedback loops, easier rollback, and improved traceability of changes. Verified References: [Deployment Pipelines - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps], [Creating Deployment Pipelines - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps]

Explanation

The proper rule to follow when creating container repositories inside the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Registry is: You must use a separate container repository for each image, but multiple versions of that image can be in a single repository. This means that each distinct image should have its own repository, but different versions of the same image can be stored within that repository. This allows for better organization and management of container images. The other options mentioned are not correct: Checking the "Immutable Artifacts" box does not exist as a requirement when creating a container repository. Immutable artifacts refer to the immutability of the container images themselves, not a setting in the repository. There are no restrictions on using capital letters or hyphens in the naming of container repositories. Both capital letters and hyphens are allowed in the repository name. The OCI DevOps Managed Build stage is not directly related to defining artifacts in the artifact and container repositories. The Managed Build stage is responsible for building and packaging application artifacts, but it does not define the repositories themselves.

Explanation

The correct Ansible AdHoc command to update to the newest version of Apache on all defined web servers is: $ ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=httpd state=latest" In this command: "ansi-ble" is the command to execute Ansible. "webservers" is the name of the group defined in the inven-tory file that includes all the web servers. "-m yum" specifies the module to use, which in this case is "yum" for package management. "-a" is used to pass arguments to the module. "name=httpd" speci-fies the name of the package to update, in this case, "httpd" (Apache). "state=latest" instructs Ansi-ble to update the package to the latest version available. By running this command, Ansible will connect to each server in the "webservers" group and use the "yum" module to update the "httpd" package to the latest version.

The OCI service that can provide you with the necessary information to identify the potential issue and help in debugging the deployment pipeline is OCI Logging service. OCI Logging service is a service that allows you to collect, manage, search, analyze, and monitor logs from your OCI resources and applications. You can use OCI Logging service to view the logs from your build and deployment pipelines, such as the start time, end time, status, output, error messages, etc. You can also use OCI Logging service to filter, query, and export the logs for further analysis or troubleshooting. Verified References: [Logging - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools], [Viewing Logs - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools]

Explanation

The correct answer is: dependency relationships between variables. In an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Resource Manager Schema Document, you can specify various aspects of your template, such as information about the application, permissions, logo, and pattern validations for string-type variables. However, dependency relationships between variables cannot be specified in a Schema Document. Dependency relationships between variables are typically defined in the Terraform con-figuration files themselves rather than in the Schema Document. Terraform allows you to express dependencies between resources and variables directly within the configuration using features like interpolation and variable references. The Schema Document in OCI Resource Manager primarily focuses on providing metadata and validation rules for the template inputs, but it does not include features for defining dependencies between variables.

Explanation

The Kubernetes Cluster Autoscaler increases or decreases the size of a node pool automatically based on resource requests, rather than on resource utilization of nodes in the node pool. Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/ContEng/Tasks/contengusingclusterautoscaler.htm

Explanation

As the OKE cluster administrator, you can define permissions to restrict pod-to-pod communications except as explicitly allowed by using Network Policies. Network Policies are a Kubernetes feature that allows you to define rules for network traffic within the cluster. They provide fine-grained control over ingress (incoming) and egress (outgoing) traffic between pods. By creating Network Policies, you can specify the allowed communication paths between pods based on various criteria such as source and destination pods, namespaces, IP addresses, ports, and protocols. This allows you to enforce security and isolation within your OKE cluster, ensuring that pods can only communicate with authorized pods or services. RBAC Roles and IAM Policies are used to manage access control and permissions for managing and interacting with the cluster itself, but they do not directly control pod-to-pod communications. Security Lists, on the other hand, are associated with VCN (Virtual Cloud Network) resources and control traffic at the subnet level, not at the pod level within the OKE cluster. Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Security/Reference/oke_security.htm

Explanation

When creating stages for an Oracle Kubernetes Engine (OKE) deployment pipeline, you are able to include the following actions within the pipeline stages themselves: Add a stage to apply the Kubernetes manifest to the Kubernetes cluster: This stage allows you to apply the desired Kubernetes manifest files that define the deployment configuration of your application to the OKE cluster. It ensures that the desired state of your application is reflected in the cluster. Add a stage to apply the container image to the Kubernetes cluster: This stage involves deploying the container image of your application to the OKE cluster. It ensures that the latest version of your application's container image is deployed and running in the cluster. Add a stage to deploy incrementally to multiple OKE target environments: This stage allows you to deploy your application incrementally to multiple OKE target environments, such as staging and production. It enables you to control the deployment process and ensure that the application is rolled out smoothly across different environments. Add a stage to deliver artifacts to an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Artifact Registry: This stage involves delivering the artifacts generated during the build process, such as container images or other artifacts, to the OCI Artifact Registry. The Artifact Registry provides a centralized location for storing and managing artifacts, making them easily accessible for deployment to OKE or other environments. Including these actions within the pipeline stages themselves helps streamline the deployment process and ensures that all necessary steps are included within the automated pipeline, minimizing the need for manual intervention or external processes.

Explanation

The three statements that are true regarding setting up cluster access for an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) cluster are: When a cluster's Kubernetes API endpoint has a public IP address, you can access the cluster in Cloud Shell by setting up a kubeconfig file. This allows you to authenticate and interact with the cluster using kubectl. Generating an API sign-ing key pair is a mandatory step when setting up cluster access using a local machine if the public key is not already uploaded in the console. This key pair is used for authentication and securing the connection to the cluster. To access the cluster using kubectl, you need to set up a Kubernetes con-figuration file (kubeconfig) for the cluster. By default, the kubeconfig file is named "config" and is stored in the $HOME/.kube directory. This file contains the necessary information and credentials to authenticate and communicate with the cluster. These steps enable the DevOps engineer to access and manage the OKE cluster, deploy new applications, and manage existing ones using kubectl or other Kubernetes management tools. Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/ContEng/Tasks/contengdownloadkubeconfigfile.htm

Explanation

To move the archive log data to OCI Object Storage, you should use the following OCI features: Service Connector Hub: The Service Connector Hub allows you to create a service connector be-tween OCI Logging and OCI Object Storage. You can configure the connector to automatically export log data from the Logging service to Object Storage. IAM Policy: IAM policies are used to define permissions and access control for resources in OCI. You need to configure the appropriate IAM policies to allow the necessary permissions for the Logging service to write data to Object Storage. Compartments and Oracle Digital Assistant are not directly related to the task of moving archive log data to OCI Object Storage.