CRT-450 Practice Exam Questions with Answers Salesforce Certified Platform Developer 1 (SP25) Certification

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)is the best model for the scenario described because it provides on-demand access to compute, storage, and networking resources that are ideal for a scalable server cluster. IaaS allows the engineering team to rent infrastructure resources without having to invest in physical hardware, making it perfect for temporary or fluctuating workloads, such as scalability testing.

Key Characteristics of IaaS:

Full control over the operating systems and applications running on the servers.

Flexible resource allocation to support high scalability.

Ideal for custom software testing where specific server configurations may be needed.

Why not the other options?

PaaS (Platform as a Service):While PaaS is excellent for application development and deployment, it abstracts the infrastructure layer, which would limit the engineering team's control over the cluster's configuration.

SaaS (Software as a Service):SaaS delivers fully managed applications, not infrastructure or testing environments. It’s irrelevant for this use case.

BaaS (Backend as a Service):BaaS is tailored to mobile or web application backend development, providing APIs and pre-built services, not infrastructure for a server cluster.

Platform Developer References:

While this question is broader than Salesforce-specific concepts, understandingIaaS vs. PaaSis relevant when working with Salesforce development. For example:

Salesforce operates as aPaaS(e.g., Force.com platform), allowing developers to build and deploy applications without managing underlying servers.

Testing scalability and performance at an infrastructure level (as in the question) would fall underIaaSconcepts, which Salesforce developers might encounter when integrating external services or infrastructure like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud.

This foundational knowledge complements your understanding of cloud services in the Salesforce ecosystem.

? Why Queueable?

Queueable Apex allows asynchronous processing, which can handle bulk updates efficiently without hitting governor limits.

The trigger enqueues the Queueable class to process the asset updates.

? Avoiding Limit Failures:

Moving logic to a Queueable class offloads resource-intensive operations to asynchronous processing.

When an Account record is created, the following happens:

Before insert triggerincrements the count field once.

After insert record-triggered flowexecutes and increments the count again.

When the record is subsequently updated:

Before update triggerincrements the count again.

After update record-triggered flowincrements it once more.

Thus, the final value of thecountfield =4.

Order of Execution in Salesforce

C: The Bulk API is designed for importing or exporting large volumes of data and works efficiently in development environments, but it respects storage limits.

D: Developer and Developer Pro sandboxes have different storage limits. Developer Pro has a larger storage limit compared to a Developer sandbox.

Why not other options?

A: Bulk API does not bypass storage limits.

B: The Data Import Wizard is a web-based tool, not an application installed on your computer.

Salesforce Data Import and Export

Salesforce Bulk API

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

By default, Apex tests run in a system context that does not respect sharing rules. However, the getAllAccounts method is defined in a with sharing class, so it does respect sharing rules. Therefore, to correctly simulate how a Standard User would see the data, the test must be run in the context of that user.

To do this, the developer should use System.runAs() to switch the test context to the Standard User, ensuring that sharing rules are enforced for the user running the test. This allows the test to correctly verify the data the user can access.

Example of Corrected Test Method:

apex

CopyEdit

@isTest

private static void getAllAccounts_StandardUser_Test() {

User standardUser = [SELECT Id FROM User WHERE Profile.Name = 'Standard User' AND UserName = 'test@test.com' AND isActive = true LIMIT 1];

System.runAs(standardUser) {

List result = AccountsController.getAllAccounts();

System.assertEquals(20, result.size());

}

}

In Visualforce, data-binding requires getter and setter methods to access the attributes of a controller. Adding a getter method foractTypeensures that its value is retrieved properly.

Declarative customizations, such as workflows, process builder, validation rules, and flows, offer a no-code approach to customizing Salesforce. Below are the key benefits:

Declarative customizations automatically update with each Salesforce release (A):Salesforce ensures that declarative tools are automatically updated during new releases, eliminating the need for manual intervention or code refactoring.

Execution Flow:

The loop runs 500 times (iranges from 0 to 499).

In each iteration, a newAccountrecord is created and inserted.

Governor Limits:

This code violates the governor limit of 150 DML statements per transaction because eachinsertis executed individually.

However, the code logically attempts to insert 500 accounts.

Key Consideration:

The code demonstrates inefficient handling of DML operations and would fail in a real-world scenario.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In Lightning Web Components, to cache the results of Apex methods on the client side, the Apex method should be annotated with @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true). This enables the Lightning Data Service to cache the method's response, improving performance by reducing server calls.

AnExternal ID fieldis used to match data in Salesforce with data from external systems (like an on-premise SQL database). It allows for easy upserts and data integration without relying on Salesforce IDs.

Why not other options?

A: External objects are used for real-time integration with external systems but do not address data matching directly.

C: Formula fields are calculated fields and cannot be used for data matching.

D: Lookup fields are used for creating relationships between objects within Salesforce, not for matching external data.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To determine the most efficient SOQL statement for retrieving Contact records where the related Account’s Industry is 'Technology', along with their associated Job_Application__c records, we need to analyze the object relationships, SOQL syntax, and relationship names. Let’s break down the problem and evaluate each option systematically, referencing Salesforce’s official documentation.

Understanding the Object Relationships:

Job_Application__c and Contact: The Job_Application__c custom object has a master-detail relationship with the Contact object, where Contact is the master. In a master-detail relationship, the child (Job_Application__c) records are dependent on the parent (Contact) records. The Salesforce Data Model documentation states: “In a master-detail relationship, the detail record inherits security and ownership from the master record” (Salesforce Object Reference Guide, Relationships).

Contact and Account: The Contact object has a standard lookup relationship with the Account object (via the AccountId field). This allows a Contact to be associated with an Account, and we can access Account fields in SOQL queries using the relationship name Account. The Salesforce Object Reference Guide confirms: “The AccountId field on Contact references the Account object, and the relationship name is Account” (Salesforce Object Reference Guide, Contact Object).

Requirement: The query must:

Retrieve Contact records where the related Account’s Industry field equals 'Technology'.

Include the related Job_Application__c records for each Contact.

Be efficient and syntactically correct based on Salesforce SOQL standards.

SOQL Relationship Query Basics:

Parent-to-Child Queries: To retrieve child records (Job_Application__c) along with parent records (Contact), we use a subquery in the SELECT clause with the relationship name. The Apex Developer Guide states: “For custom objects in a master-detail relationship, the relationship name for the child is typically the plural form of the object name with __r (e.g., Job_Applications__r)” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, SOQL Relationship Queries).

Accessing Parent Fields: To filter on a parent object’s field (e.g., Account’s Industry), we use the relationship name (e.g., Account.Industry). The SOQL and SOSL Reference Guide notes: “In a lookup relationship, use the parent object’s API name (e.g., Account) followed by the field name” (Salesforce SOQL and SOSL Reference Guide, Relationship Queries).

Efficiency: The most efficient query minimizes the number of fields retrieved, uses correct relationship names, and avoids syntax errors. All options retrieve only Id fields, so efficiency depends on correct syntax and relationship names.

Analyzing the Relationship Name for Job_Application__c:

In a master-detail relationship, the child object (Job_Application__c) has a relationship field pointing to the parent (Contact). The relationship name for accessing child records from the parent is typically the plural form of the child object’s name with __r. For a custom object named Job_Application__c, the standard relationship name is Job_Applications__r. The Salesforce Apex Developer Guide explains: “For custom objects, the relationship name is usually the object name pluralized, with __r appended” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Understanding Relationship Names).

However, the exact relationship name depends on the field definition. If the master-detail field on Job_Application__c was created with a custom relationship name, it could differ, but the question does not specify a custom name. Therefore, we assume the default naming convention, making Job_Applications__r the correct relationship name for the subquery.

Evaluating the Options:

A. [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Job_Applications__r) FROM Contact WHERE Accounts.Industry = 'Technology']

Subquery: Uses Job_Applications__r, which is likely the correct relationship name for Job_Application__c child records, assuming standard naming conventions.

WHERE Clause: Uses Accounts.Industry, which is incorrect. The relationship name for the Account object from Contact is Account (singular), not Accounts. The SOQL and SOSL Reference Guide states: “The relationship name for the Account object from Contact is Account” (Salesforce SOQL and SOSL Reference Guide, Relationship Queries). Using Accounts results in a SOQL syntax error: “No such field Accounts on entity Contact.”

Conclusion: Incorrect due to the invalid Accounts.Industry reference.

B. [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Job_Application__c) FROM Contact WHERE Accounts.Industry = 'Technology']

Subquery: Uses Job_Application__c, which is the object’s API name, not the relationship name. In SOQL parent-to-child queries, the subquery must use the relationship name (e.g., Job_Applications__r), not the object name. The Apex Developer Guide notes: “In a subquery, use the relationship name, not the object name” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, SOQL Relationship Queries). Using Job_Application__c causes a SOQL syntax error: “No such relationship Job_Application__c on Contact.”

WHERE Clause: Uses Accounts.Industry, which, as noted, is incorrect due to the invalid relationship name Accounts.

Conclusion: Incorrect due to both the invalid subquery (Job_Application__c) and the incorrect Accounts.Industry reference.

C. [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Job_Application__c) FROM Contact WHERE Account.Industry = 'Technology']

Subquery: Uses Job_Application__c, which is incorrect for the same reason as option B. The subquery must use the relationship name (Job_Applications__r), not the object name, resulting in a SOQL syntax error.

WHERE Clause: Uses Account.Industry, which is correct. The relationship name for the Account object from Contact is Account, and Industry is a valid field on Account. The Salesforce Object Reference Guide confirms: “Industry is a picklist field on the Account object” (Salesforce Object Reference Guide, Account Object).

Conclusion: Incorrect due to the invalid subquery (Job_Application__c), despite the correct Account.Industry reference.

D. [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Job_Applications__r) FROM Contact WHERE Account.Industry = 'Technology']

Subquery: Uses Job_Applications__r, which is the correct relationship name for accessing Job_Application__c child records from the Contact parent, assuming standard naming conventions.

WHERE Clause: Uses Account.Industry, which is correct, as it properly references the Account object’s Industry field via the Account relationship.

Conclusion: Correct, as it uses the proper relationship name for the subquery and the correct syntax for filtering on the Account’s Industry field.

Why Option D is Correct:

Option D is the most efficient and syntactically correct because:

It uses the correct relationship name (Job_Applications__r) for the parent-to-child subquery, adhering to Salesforce’s naming conventions for master-detail relationships.

It correctly references the Account’s Industry field using Account.Industry, aligning with the standard lookup relationship between Contact and Account.

It retrieves only the necessary fields (Id for Contact and Id for Job_Application__c), ensuring efficiency.

It satisfies the requirement to retrieve Contact records where the Account’s Industry is 'Technology' and includes related Job_Application__c records.

Potential Typos or Ambiguities:

The question is clear, with no obvious typos. However, the relationship name Job_Applications__r assumes the default pluralized naming convention. If the master-detail field on Job_Application__c was created with a custom relationship name (e.g., Applications__r), the correct answer could differ. Since the question does not specify a custom name, we follow the standard convention (Job_Applications__r).

The field Industry on Account is a standard picklist field, and 'Technology' is a common default value, so no issues arise there.

Example for Clarity:

The SOQL query in option D would look like:

apex

Copy

List contacts = [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Job_Applications__r)

FROM Contact

WHERE Account.Industry = 'Technology'];

for (Contact c : contacts) {

System.debug('Contact: ' + c.Id);

for (Job_Application__c ja : c.Job_Applications__r) {

System.debug('Job Application: ' + ja.Id);

}

}

This query retrieves all Contacts where the related Account’s Industry is 'Technology' and includes their Job_Application__c records via the subquery. The results can be iterated to access both Contact and Job_Application__c data.

Option B: UsingSchema.sObjectType.Account.isDeletable()checks if the current user has permission to delete records of theAccountobject. This approach adheres to Salesforce's security model.

Not Suitable:

Option A:accountRec.isDeletable()is not a valid method.

Option C: Incorrect syntax for checking permissions.

Option D:Account.isDeletabledoes not exist.

Schema Methods for Object Permissions

Global Access Modifier:

When building managed packages, methods and classes that need to be accessible outside the package namespace must be declaredglobal.

Publicrestricts access to within the namespace.

Why Not Other Options?

B:Publiclimits access to within the namespace.

CandD: Mixingpublicandglobalincorrectly doesn't meet the requirement for external accessibility.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A validation rule can be configured to prevent updates to Opportunity records in the Closed/Won stage by evaluating the Stage field and returning an error message when edits are attempted.

Allow Reparenting in Master-Detail Relationships:

In a master-detail relationship, the child record (in this case, OrderItem) is tightly bound to the parent record (Order).

By default, child records cannot be reassigned to a different parent record in master-detail relationships. However, enabling the"Allow Reparenting"option on the master-detail field allows the child record (OrderItem) to be reparented to a different master record (Order).

This is the correct solution as it ensures that OrderItem records can be reassigned to a new Order without changing the structure of the relationship.

Why not the other options?

A. Add without sharing to the Apex class declaration:

Adding without sharing modifies sharing rules but does not affect the ability to reparent child records. This is unrelated to the issue described.

B. Change the master-detail relationship to an external lookup relationship:

Changing the relationship type is not necessary. Additionally, doing so could introduce unintended side effects, as master-detail relationships have features like roll-up summaries that are lost with a lookup relationship.

C. Create a junction object between OrderItem and Order:

Introducing a junction object is not required. This adds unnecessary complexity and deviates from the intended use of master-detail relationships.

Apex Trigger (Option B):

An Apex trigger can be written on theContainer__cobject to prevent deletion unless theStatus__cfield value is "Decommissioned".

This allows custom logic to be executed during the deletion process.

Apex Triggers Documentation

Validation Rule (Option D):

A validation rule is typically used to enforce conditions during record creation or update. However, it cannot directly restrict deletions.

To ensure deletion restriction, an Apex trigger is more effective.

Not Suitable:

Option A(Before record-triggered flow): Flows triggered "before delete" are not available.

Option C(After record-triggered flow): These occur after a record is deleted, so they cannot prevent the deletion process.

Why Data Export Scheduled Job?

Salesforce provides an out-of-the-boxData Exportfeature that allows organizations to back up their data, including attachments.

This feature can be scheduled to run automatically on a monthly basis, fulfilling the requirement.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Schedule a Report: Does not export attachments and is limited to reportable data.

B. Data Loader Command Line: Requires manual setup and scripting, which is unnecessary for this requirement.

D. Create a Schedulable Apex class: Not suitable, as the Data Export tool is more efficient for full data and attachment backup.

Lightning Web Components (LWCs) are the best choice for creating custom UI components in Salesforce. They provide robust features such as event handling and server-side communication, allowing for validation of user input before saving data.

To query related child records in a lookup or master-detail relationship:

Use the parent object (Gym__c) to retrieve its child records (Trainer__c) through a nested query.

The child relationship name (Trainers__r) is derived from the lookup field.

In Aura components:

B. Renderer:Contains custom rendering logic.

C. Controller:Manages user interaction and component events.

E. Helper:Contains reusable JavaScript functions for logic.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To determine which SOQL queries are safe from SOQL injection, we need to evaluate each option for how it handles the name parameter (user input from a Visualforce page) and whether it properly mitigates the risk of SOQL injection. SOQL injection occurs when untrusted user input is directly embedded into a query string, allowing malicious users to manipulate the query’s logic. Let’s analyze each option systematically, referencing Salesforce’s official documentation, particularly the Secure Coding Guidelines and Apex Developer Guide.

Understanding SOQL Injection:

SOQL Injection: This vulnerability arises when user input is dynamically concatenated into a SOQL query string without proper sanitization, allowing an attacker to alter the query’s behavior. For example, if name is ' OR '1'='1, an unsafe query might return all records instead of the intended subset. The Salesforce Secure Coding Guidelines state: “SOQL injection occurs when untrusted input is concatenated into a query string, potentially allowing an attacker to bypass intended logic” (Salesforce Secure Coding Guidelines, SOQL Injection).

Prevention Techniques:

Bind Variables (:variable): Using bind variables in SOQL queries ensures user input is treated as a value, not part of the query logic, preventing injection. The Apex Developer Guide notes: “Using bind variables (:variable) in SOQL queries is the safest way to prevent SOQL injection” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Secure Coding for SOQL).

Sanitization: If dynamic SOQL (e.g., Database.query()) is used, user input must be sanitized using methods like String.escapeSingleQuotes() to escape special characters (e.g., single quotes) that could alter the query.

Context: The name variable comes from a Visualforce page, meaning it’s untrusted user input and must be handled carefully to prevent injection.

Evaluating the Options:

A.

apex

Copy

String query = '%' + name + '%';

List results = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE :query];

Approach: Constructs a query string by concatenating wildcards (%) with the name variable, then uses a bind variable (:query) in the SOQL query.

Security: Using a bind variable (:query) ensures that the value of query (which includes name) is treated as a literal value in the LIKE clause, not as part of the query’s syntax. Even if name contains malicious input (e.g., ' OR '1'='1), the SOQL engine treats it as a single string to match against Name, preventing injection. The Apex Developer Guide confirms: “Bind variables prevent SOQL injection by treating user input as data, not executable code” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Secure Coding for SOQL).

Example: If name = 'Test' OR '1'='1, then query = '%Test' OR '1'='1%'. The SOQL query becomes:

apex

Copy

[SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE '%Test\' OR \'1\'=\'1%']

This searches for records where Name matches the literal string %Test' OR '1'='1%, which is safe and does not alter the query logic.

Conclusion: Safe from SOQL injection due to the use of a bind variable.

B.

apex

Copy

String query = 'SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE \'%' + name.noQuotes() + '%\'';

List results = Database.query(query);

Approach: Dynamically constructs a SOQL query string by concatenating name.noQuotes() into the query, then executes it using Database.query().

Security: The noQuotes() method is not a standard Apex method on the String class. The Apex Developer Guide does not define noQuotes() as a built-in method (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, String Class). Assuming it’s a custom method, it likely attempts to remove quotes from the string, but this does not prevent SOQL injection. Concatenating user input directly into the query string is inherently unsafe unless properly sanitized.

Example: If name = 'Test' OR '1'='1, and assuming noQuotes() does nothing (or removes quotes, which doesn’t help), the query becomes:

apex

Copy

SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE '%Test' OR '1'='1%'

The OR '1'='1' condition evaluates to true for all records, returning all Accounts, which is a successful SOQL injection attack.

Conclusion: Not safe, as it directly concatenates user input without proper sanitization or bind variables, and noQuotes() is not a reliable or standard method for preventing injection.

C.

apex

Copy

String query = 'SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE \'%' + String.escapeSingleQuotes(name) + '%\'';

List results = Database.query(query);

Approach: Dynamically constructs a SOQL query string by concatenating name into the query after applying String.escapeSingleQuotes(), then executes it using Database.query().

Security: The String.escapeSingleQuotes() method escapes single quotes in the input by adding a backslash (\), preventing the input from breaking out of the string literal in the SOQL query. The Apex Developer Guide states: “String.escapeSingleQuotes() prevents SOQL injection in dynamic queries by escaping single quotes, ensuring the input cannot alter the query structure” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, String Class). This ensures that even malicious input cannot manipulate the query logic.

Example: If name = 'Test' OR '1'='1, then String.escapeSingleQuotes(name) returns Test\' OR \'1\'=\'1. The query becomes:

apex

Copy

SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE '%Test\' OR \'1\'=\'1%'

This searches for records where Name matches the literal string %Test' OR '1'='1%, which is safe and does not allow the OR condition to execute as logic.

Conclusion: Safe from SOQL injection due to the use of String.escapeSingleQuotes() to sanitize the user input in a dynamic query.

D.

apex

Copy

String query = 'SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE \'%' + name + '%\'';

List results = Database.query(query);

Approach: Dynamically constructs a SOQL query string by directly concatenating name into the query, then executes it using Database.query().

Security: This approach is vulnerable to SOQL injection because name is directly embedded into the query string without sanitization. The Salesforce Secure Coding Guidelines warn: “Directly concatenating user input into a dynamic SOQL query without escaping can lead to SOQL injection” (Salesforce Secure Coding Guidelines, SOQL Injection).

Example: If name = 'Test' OR '1'='1, the query becomes:

apex

Copy

SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE '%Test' OR '1'='1%'

The OR '1'='1' condition evaluates to true for all records, returning all Accounts, demonstrating a successful SOQL injection attack.

Conclusion: Not safe, as it directly concatenates user input without sanitization or bind variables.

Why Options A and C are Correct:

Option A: Uses a bind variable (:query) in the SOQL query, ensuring that the user input (name) is treated as a literal value, not executable code. This is the most secure way to prevent SOQL injection, as recommended by Salesforce.

Option C: Uses String.escapeSingleQuotes() to sanitize the user input before embedding it into a dynamic SOQL query, preventing the input from altering the query’s logic. This is a safe approach for dynamic queries when bind variables cannot be used directly.

Options B and D: Both concatenate user input directly into the query string without adequate sanitization (noQuotes() is not a standard or reliable method in B, and D has no sanitization), making them vulnerable to SOQL injection.

Example of Vulnerability (Option D):

Consider a Visualforce page where name is set via a user input field:

apex

Copy

String name = ApexPages.currentPage().getParameters().get('name');

String query = 'SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE \'%' + name + '%\'';

List results = Database.query(query);

If a malicious user submits name = ' OR '1'='1, the query becomes:

apex

Copy

SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE '%' OR '1'='1%'

This returns all Accounts, bypassing the intended filtering, which is a successful SOQL injection attack.

Mitigating SOQL Injection:

Preferred (Option A): Use bind variables whenever possible:

apex

Copy

String query = '%' + name + '%';

List results = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE :query];

Alternative (Option C): If dynamic SOQL is required, sanitize input with String.escapeSingleQuotes():

apex

Copy

String query = 'SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE \'%' + String.escapeSingleQuotes(name) + '%\'';

List results = Database.query(query);

Handling Typos:

The options are syntactically correct in the provided image, with no typos to address.

Option B’s name.noQuotes() is not a standard Apex method, but the analysis assumes it’s a custom method that fails to prevent injection, as it’s not a recognized sanitization technique.

Account Trigger:

Apex triggers allow for complex logic to retrieve and update theTimezonefield based onPostalCodeToTimezone__c.

Fast Field Updates Record-Triggered Flow:

A record-triggered flow in Fast Field Updates mode can fetch the necessary data fromPostalCodeToTimezone__cand update the Account.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Quick actions: Used for user interface updates, not for automation based on edits.

B. Approval process: Not relevant to dynamic field updates.

The Apex Interactive Debugger allows developers to step through code execution in real time, which is the most effective way to identify the root cause of the duplication issue.

A. 75% Test Coverage:Salesforce mandates that 75% of all Apex code must be covered by tests to be deployable to production.

D. Trigger Coverage:Each Apex trigger must have at least one line of test coverage to ensure it is properly tested.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To determine the value of x when it is written to the debug log, we need to analyze the Apex code step by step, focusing on the behavior of the do-while loop and how it affects the variable x. Let’s break down the code execution systematically, referencing Salesforce’s official Apex Developer Guide.

Code Analysis:

The given Apex code is:

apex

Copy

Integer x = 0;

do {

x++;

} while (x < 1);

System.debug(x);

Step 1: Initial State

Integer x = 0;: The variable x is initialized to 0. The Apex Developer Guide states: “An Integer in Apex is a 32-bit number that does not include decimal points, initialized to 0 by default if no value is provided” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Primitive Data Types). Here, x is explicitly set to 0.

Step 2: Understanding the do-while Loop

A do-while loop in Apex executes the loop body at least once before evaluating the condition. The Apex Developer Guide explains: “The do-while loop executes the block of code in the do statement first, then checks the condition in the while statement. If the condition is true, the loop continues; otherwise, it exits” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Loops).

The loop body is:

apex

Copy

x++;

This increments x by 1 using the post-increment operator (++). The Apex Developer Guide confirms: “The ++ operator increments the value of the variable by 1” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Expressions and Operators).

The condition is:

apex

Copy

while (x < 1);

The loop continues as long as x < 1 evaluates to true.

Step 3: Loop Execution

First Iteration:

Initial value: x = 0.

Execute the loop body: x++ ? x becomes 1 (0 + 1).

Evaluate the condition: x < 1 ? 1 < 1 ? false (since 1 is not less than 1).

Since the condition is false, the loop exits after the first iteration.

After the Loop:

The value of x is now 1.

The do-while loop guarantees at least one execution, which is why x is incremented once before the condition check fails.

Step 4: Debug Statement

System.debug(x);: This writes the value of x to the debug log. At this point, x = 1. The Apex Developer Guide states: “System.debug outputs the value of the specified variable to the debug log for troubleshooting” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, System Class).

Therefore, the debug log will show 1.

Evaluating the Options:

A. 0: Incorrect. The initial value of x is 0, but the do-while loop increments x to 1 in the first iteration, and the loop exits because the condition x < 1 is false. The debug log shows the final value of x, which is 1.

B. 2: Incorrect. The loop only runs once because after the first iteration, x becomes 1, and the condition x < 1 fails (1 < 1 is false). There is no second iteration to increment x to 2.

C. 1: Correct. As calculated, the loop executes once, incrementing x from 0 to 1, and then exits because the condition x < 1 is false. The debug log outputs x = 1.

D. 3: Incorrect. The loop does not run enough times to increment x to 3. It only runs once, setting x to 1.

Why Option C is Correct:

Option C (1) is correct because:

The do-while loop executes the body (x++) exactly once, incrementing x from 0 to 1.

The condition x < 1 evaluates to false when x = 1, causing the loop to exit after the first iteration.

The System.debug(x) statement outputs the final value of x, which is 1.

This behavior aligns with Apex loop semantics as defined in the Salesforce Apex Developer Guide.

Handling Typos:

The code in the image contains a typo: “salesforce” is randomly inserted in the middle of the do-while loop. This appears to be an artifact of the image and not part of the intended code. For analysis, we ignore this text and treat the code as:

apex

Copy

Integer x = 0;

do {

x++;

} while (x < 1);

System.debug(x);

There are no other syntactic issues in the code that affect the execution or outcome.

Example for Clarity:

To illustrate, here’s how the code executes:

Integer x = 0; // x is 0

do {

x++; // First iteration: x becomes 1

} while (x < 1); // Condition: 1 < 1 ? false, exit loop

System.debug(x); // Outputs: 1

If this code were run in a Salesforce org, the debug log would show:

DEBUG|1

Using a formula field is the most efficient solution to calculate the ratio between rejected and approved timesheets. It minimizes maintenance overhead by dynamically calculating the value based on the existing roll-up summary fields.

Example Formula:

Total_Rejected_Timesheets__c / Total_Approved_Timesheets__c

The SOQL query assigns its result directly to a single sObject variable (Account myAccount). If the query returns more than one record, Salesforce throws aQueryExceptionbecause the system cannot automatically cast multiple results to a single sObject.

Not Suitable:

Option A: The variable cannot be automatically cast to a list.

Option C: The query itself does not fail but throws an exception.

Option D: The first record is not automatically assigned.

SOQL Query Considerations

A record-triggered flow is the recommended tool for this scenario because it:

Can compare theContact.MailingStatefield with thePreferred_Locations__cfield on theJob__crecord.

Automatically updates or calculates values whenever changes are made, keeping data in sync without requiring Apex code or custom development.

WhyWITH SECURITY_ENFORCED?

Ensures field-level security and sharing rules are enforced in SOQL queries.

Prevents unauthorized records or fields from being accessed or displayed.

Why Not Other Options?

B and C:with sharingandinherited sharingenforce record-level access but do not handle field-level security.

D:without sharingignores sharing rules, which would display all records regardless of user permissions.

A master-detail relationship fromEngineering_Support__ctoOpportunityallows multiple childEngineering_Support__crecords to be associated with a single parentOpportunity. It also enables roll-up summary fields to aggregate data from the child records onto the parentOpportunity.

Declaring the constant asstaticensures it is shared across all instances of the class.

Declaring it asfinalensures its value cannot be modified after initialization.

Static and Final Variables in Apex

Below is the formatted response for the provided question, adhering to the specified format and requirements. The question falls under the Developer Fundamentals topic, as it involves understanding Apex class inheritance and virtual classes, which are core concepts in the Salesforce Platform Developer I certification. The answer is based on official Salesforce Platform Developer I documentation, with a comprehensive explanation and references to relevant Salesforce documentation.

This method allows the developer to retrieve all available record types and identify the default record type for the current user by checking theisDefaultRecordTypeMapping()attribute.

Example:

Schema.DescribeSObjectResult describeResult = Opportunity.sObjectType.getDescribe();

for (Schema.RecordTypeInfo recordType : describeResult.getRecordTypeInfos()) {

if (recordType.isDefaultRecordTypeMapping()) {

System.debug('Default Record Type: ' + recordType.getName());

}

}

Schema.RecordTypeInfo Methods

The code provided processes allCaserecords in a single transaction. Since it attempts to process over 10,000 records, it exceeds the Salesforce governor limit of 50,000 DML rows per transaction, causing the transaction to fail.

Governor Limits on DML Rows (C):Salesforce enforces a governor limit of 50,000 rows for DML operations per transaction. In this case, if theSELECTquery retrieves over 50,000 records, theDatabase.updatecall will hit this limit and throw aSystem.LimitException.

Lightning Web Components (LWC):

Fully responsive and designed to handle touch events.

Executes on stateful clients with high performance.

Aura Components:

Supports responsive designs and touch events but is slightly less efficient than LWC.

Why Not Other Options?

B. Visualforce Components: Not designed for responsiveness or touch event handling.

C. Visualforce Pages: Primarily server-rendered and not stateful for touch interactions.

Since theCaseandDefect__cobjects have aPrivateorganization-wide default (OWD), their records must be explicitly shared for a user to gain access to the relatedCase_Defect__crecord. Sharing both parent records ensures that the user can access the junction object and the associated parent objects.

Anonymous Apex allows developers to execute ad hoc code snippets without creating a permanent class or trigger. It is useful for tasks like bulk data manipulation or testing.

B. Deleting 15,000 inactive Accounts:

Anonymous Apex can perform ad hoc bulk operations to clean up data after a deployment.

Example:

Use Cases:List inactiveAccounts = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE IsActive__c = false LIMIT 15000];

delete inactiveAccounts;

C. Running a batch Apex class:

Anonymous Apex can execute batch jobs for data processing.

Example:

apex

Copy code

Database.executeBatch(new UpdateContactBatch());

A. Schedule an Apex class to run periodically: This requires a scheduled job, not Anonymous Apex.

D. Add unit test code coverage: Unit tests must be written in test classes and cannot be added using Anonymous Apex.

The Lightning Component Framework simplifies development by providing built-in device awareness, enabling components to adapt automatically for different devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and desktops.

A:Using the order number as an external ID ensures Salesforce can identify and update existing records instead of creating duplicates during updates.

B:Ensuring the order number is unique in the OMS guarantees that there will not be multiple records in Salesforce corresponding to a single order.

To override the Edit button in both Salesforce Classic and Lightning Experience:

Use aVisualforce pagefor Salesforce Classic.

Use aLightning componentfor Lightning Experience by configuring the Lightning override.

Why Change Sets?

Change Sets are the recommended and simplest way to deploy metadata, including Apex code and Lightning Components, from Sandbox to Production.

Why Not Other Options?

A: The Force.com IDE is deprecated.

B: The Ant Migration Tool is more suitable for complex deployments but not necessary for standard Sandbox-to-Production migration.

D: Salesforce CLI is effective for deployment but requires scripting expertise, making Change Sets easier for most users.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To implement an interface in Apex, the implements keyword is used in the class definition. This ensures that the class provides concrete implementations of the interface’s methods.

To override the Account's standard Edit button in Lightning Experience, a Lightning action can be created and associated with the object. This action can include custom logic or a Lightning component.

Why Re-Parentable Master-Detail Field?

A master-detail relationship allows Line Items to roll up totals (e.g., calculate total amount) to the Order.

Setting the relationship asre-parentablesupports moving Line Items between different Orders.

Why Not Other Options?

B. Lookup field: Does not support roll-up summary fields for calculations.

C and D: Relationships in the opposite direction (Order to Line Item) do not support the required logic.

Before-save Apex Trigger:

This is the best solution because abefore-save triggerruns before the record is saved to the database, providing an opportunity to validate or modify the data.

In this case, the Apex trigger can validate the email address using a regular expression or a third-party API call to ensure the email address is valid. If the email is invalid, an error message can be displayed using addError().

Why not the other options?

A. Submit a REST API Callout with a JSON payload:

REST callouts are more complex and generally not recommended for simple validation tasks like email format validation. Additionally, callouts cannot be performed directly in a before-save trigger.

C. Use a custom Lightning Web Component (LWC):

LWCs are primarily for UI interactions and should not be used to enforce data validations that are server-side requirements.

D. Use an Approval Process:

Approval Processes are for managing the approval flow of records, not for real-time validations. They cannot enforce email validation directly.

When writing test classes, accessing the Standard Price Book is essential for creatingOpportunityLineItemrecords.

The methodTest.getStandardPricebookId()is specifically designed to retrieve the Standard Price Book ID in a test class context. This ensures you can work with the price book without requiring@isTest(SeeAllData=true).

Why not other options?

B:@isTest(SeeAllData=true)is not recommended because it violates Salesforce best practices by accessing actual org data.

C:@TestVisibleis used for visibility between classes but does not relate to retrieving Standard Price Book.

D:Test.loadData()loads test data from static resources but is unnecessary for accessing the Standard Price Book.

Salesforce Testing Framework

Apex Testing Best Practices

The quickest way to make Visualforce pages styled like Lightning Experience is by incorporating SLDS. This provides consistent styling without rewriting the applications.

Why not other options?

A: Rewriting all Visualforce pages as Lightning components is time-consuming and not efficient.

B: There is no attributeenableLightningin Visualforce.

C: Enabling Lightning Experience compatibility does not apply styling automatically.

Salesforce Lightning Design System (SLDS)

Based on the provided code, an exception is likely being thrown if a required field is missing or if there are validation rules that the record does not meet. Salesforce will throw an exception when an attempt to create a record violates constraints.

Why not other options?

B: Salesforce reports errors for failed DML operations unless they are handled in atry-catchblock.

C: The record cannot be created successfully if constraints are violated.

D: Debug logs may provide details, but the record creation would fail.

Apex DML Exception Handling

Trigger.old in a before insert trigger:

TheTrigger.oldcontext variable contains the old version of the records being processed in the trigger.

In abefore inserttrigger, the records being processed are new and have no prior state in the database, soTrigger.oldisnull.

This behavior is specific to insert triggers because there is no "old" record to reference before the record is created.

Why is it null?

The Trigger.old variable is only populated for triggers that handle updates or deletions (e.g., before update, after update, before delete, after delete). For insert operations, no previous state of the record exists.

Why not the other options?

A. An empty list of sObjects:

This is incorrect because Trigger.old is not initialized as an empty list for insert triggers—it is simply null.

B. Undefined:

Trigger.old is defined in the trigger context, but it is null for insert operations. Undefined is not a valid Apex state.

D. A list of newly created sObjects without IDs:

This describes Trigger.new in abefore inserttrigger, not Trigger.old. Trigger.new contains the new records being inserted.

Public Method (A):The parent component can call a public method defined in the child component to pass data directly.

SOSL:

Designed for full-text searches, making it faster for unstructured or broad text searches across multiple objects.

Ideal for searching multiple fields simultaneously.

SOQL:

Optimized for structured queries where you need more control over filtering and relationships.

Can return up to 50,000 records in a single query, while SOSL returns only 2,000.

CandDare incorrect because SOSL is faster for text searches, not SOQL.

Creating test classes ensures that the Apex class works according to specifications by validating the functionality under various scenarios and edge cases. Running tests in the Developer Console provides detailed feedback on whether the class meets requirements.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

D (Correct):Since Payment is avirtual class, it can beextended(not implemented like an interface), and its makePayment method is also virtual, which allows it to be overridden using the override keyword.

The use of override is required to redefine a virtual or abstract method from the parent class.

Database.insert(records, false):

The Database.insert() method with the allOrNone parameter set to false allows for partial success.

If some records in the list fail due to validation rules, triggers, or other errors, the method will still attempt to insert the remaining valid records.

The false parameter ensures that records that fail will not roll back the transaction for the others.

Why not the other options?

A. Database.insert(records, true):

The true parameter makes the operation transactional (all or none). If any record fails, all records will roll back.

B. insert records:

The insert DML statement behaves like Database.insert(records, true) by default and rolls back all records if any error occurs.

C. insert(records, false):

This syntax is invalid in Apex.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To embed a Lightning component in a Visualforce page, you need to:

Include the Lightning framework using .

Use $Lightning.use to load Lightning components and resources.

Use $Lightning.createComponent to render the component dynamically in the Visualforce page.

Option A: Using aTest Data Factoryclass is a recommended approach to create test records programmatically. This ensures that the test is independent of existing data and can be executed in isolation.

Option B: The@IsTest(SeeAllData=true)annotation allows the test to access existing records in the database, includingPricing_Structure__c. However, this is less recommended as it creates a dependency on existing org data.

Not Suitable:

Option C:Test.loadDatais used to load records from a static resource (CSV) but doesn't suit the requirement directly.

Option D: Addingwithout sharingto a class impacts sharing rules but does not create or ensure the existence of test data.

Testing Best Practices